92 THERMAL WATERS OF ASIA MINOR. 



None of the other sources near Broosa evolve a trace of sul- 

 phur eted hydrogen, and contain less solid matter; they are all 

 alkaline, and give an alkaline reaction when concentrated. 



Thermal Alkaline Waters. 



Of the alkaline waters I have examined three sources, 

 situated at some distance from each other. 



The Kara Mustapha source is about two hundred yards from 

 the Kukurtlu, and almost on the border of the plain of Broosa; 

 it supplies a bath bearing the same name. 



Physical Properties. — Clear when taken from the source and 

 kept in well-stopped bottles. As the opening in the mountain 

 from which it escapes is bricked over, it was impossible for me 

 to ascertain if there were an abundant escape of gas. Tem- 

 perature 127° Fah. Specific gravity 1.00094. 



Chemical Composition. — Solid contents in one litre 0.541 

 gramme, and the same quantity of the water contains 



Carbonic acid, free 104 Lime 115 



Carbonic acid, fixed 150 Magnesia trace 



Sulphuric acid 068 Iron trace 



Chlorine 005 Silica 066 



Soda .132 Organic matter not estimated. 



The combinations of the acids and bases may be represented 

 as follows in grammes : 



Bicarbonate of soda 2600 Chloride of sodium 0084 



Bicarbonate of lime 2380 Carbonate of iron trace 



Sulphate of soda 0452 Silica 0660 



Sulphate of lime 0670 Organic matter not estimated. 



Carbonate of magnesia trace 



Incrustations of carbonate of lime are deposited from this 

 source, but not so abundantly as from the two first mentioned. 



TSCHEKIRGHE SOURCE. 



The Tschekirghe source is about a mile and a half from 

 Broosa, and supplies four baths : those of Boigusel, Yani, 

 Tschekirghe, and Yeni-Han. 



Physical Properties. — Clear, and does not readily deposit a 

 sediment; the incrustation much less than at the other sources. 

 ~No gas escapes from it as it flows from its source. Tempera- 

 ture (air at 72° Fah.) 113° Fah. Specific gravity 1.00068. 



