THERMAL WATERS OF ASIA MINOR. 95 



usually undergoes at these baths ; but as numbers of invalids 

 visit them, arrangements are made by which they can bath in 

 whatsoever way they may think best or the physician pre- 

 scribe, for there are private apartments attached. 



These thermal waters are in great repute in Turkey, and 

 their effects are said to be most marked on chronic irritation 

 of the abdominal organs, chronic rheumatism, gouts, chronic 

 irritation of the mucous membrane of the intestines, diseases of 

 the bladder, of the skin, and of the eyes, etc. These waters are 

 also recommended to be taken internally when cold. 



In the calcareous incrustation of three of these springs 

 that were examined. I found the remains of two or three va- 

 rieties of siliceous infusoria after the lime had been dissolved 

 out by an acid. 



THERMAL WATERS OF YALOVA.* 



The shortest way of reaching the springs of Yalova is by 

 landing on the south side of the Gulf Nicomedia, near to Angori 

 (three hours distant from Constantinople by steamer), and pro- 

 ceeding along a beautiful plain, that gradually narrows until 

 terminating in a valley closely shut in by hills. The springs 

 in question are situated in this valley, about six miles from the 

 sea; they are at the foot of a hill, which on the south-west 

 closes in the valley of Yalova, and are known in the country 

 by various names, as Couri-Hamam, Dagh-Hamam, etc. 



On the road that approaches the springs there are extensive 

 remains of the foundations of old Roman and Grecian build- 

 ings, and still nearer the remains are more perfect in the form 

 of arches, aqueducts, baths, etc. Their extent gives evidence 

 of the celebrity they enjoyed in former times. The styles of their 

 architecture belong to different periods. The remains of the 

 brick edifices are evidently of the period of the Lower Empire, 

 for on many of the bricks are to be found an impress of the 

 cross and Latin words written in Greek letters. To judge 

 from the form of these letters, particularly, the epsilons, sig- 

 mas, and omegas, one is led to believe that they date from the 

 Justinian age. The massive stone arches which support the 



* The locality of these waters is described very fully, as it is little known, 

 heing seldom visited "by travelers. . _ . . , 



