dupont's ARTESIAN WELL AT LOUISVILLE. 193 



is possible to make it out by the fine fragments taken out at 



different depths, beginning at the top : 



76 feet — sand and gravel. 

 100 feet — tolerably pure limestone, with fragments of fossils. 



12 feet — soft limestone mixed with clay. 



52 feet — tolerably pure limestone mixed with fossils. 



5 feet — limestone with ferruginous clay. 

 81 feet — gray limestone. 



157 feet — limestone mixed with clay. 



149 feet — tolerably pure limestone with many portions quite white. 



13 feet — clay shale with little calcareous matter. 

 207 feet — limestone with a little blue clay shale. 



33 feet — same, little darker and more shale. 

 Next 94 feet — pure, very white limestone with fossil alternating with very 

 dark limestone, color probably from organic matter, with some dark shale. 

 26 feet — shaly limestone. 



40 feet — very light and hard pure limestone. 

 1 foot — white clay. 



546 feet — gray limestone, alternating hard and soft. 



41 feet — sand rock, white. 



4 feet — same, very fine and hard, with little limestone. 

 60 feet — same, with more lime. 

 72 feet — same, less limestone. 

 308 feet — same, sandstone with but little lime. 



6 feet — magnesian limestone, very hard. 

 50 feet — sandstone again. 



At the urgent request of many citizens of Louisville the 

 boring was now stopped to give a fair test of the medical vir- 

 tues of the water that was pouring forth at the rate of two 

 hundred and thirty gallons per minute, or about three hundred 

 and thirty thousand gallons in twenty-four hours. The water 

 by its own pressure rises in pipes one hundred and seventy 

 feet above the surface. The boring was accomplished in sixteen 

 months, and the depth reached is two thousand and eighty-six 

 feet. In order to conduct the water to the surface and prevent 

 its passing off into the gravel beds below, a tube five inches in 

 diameter leads from the surface to the rock, a depth of seventy- 

 six feet, into which it is driven with a collar of vulcanized 

 gum-elastic around it. "No tubing is found necessary for any 

 other part of the boring. 



When the size of the bore (three inches in diameter) and its 

 depth are considered, the flow of water from the well is un- 

 equaled by any other artesian well yet constructed that flows 

 above the surface ; for although the Grenelle well at Paris 

 delivers six hundred thousand gallons in twenty-four hours, 

 it has at the bottom an area six times as great as the Dupont 

 well, and a few hundred feet up seven times as great. A cor- 



