ZOZ THE CALCARIMETER. 



ture considerably for the purpose of bringing the insoluble 

 carbonate well in contact with the different parts of the fluid. 

 When the acid reaction commences the acid is no longer added, 

 and the point at which the acid now stands in the tube is 

 marked, and by subtracting that from 100 we have the number 

 of degrees of acid used to dissolve fifty grains of carbonate 

 of lime ; but as it is desired that the liquid should be so made 

 as to require 50° of it to dissolve fifty grains of the carbonate, 

 it is diluted with the proper quantity of water. For example, 

 suppose the fluid marked 65° after the experiment; this indi- 

 cates that 35° of the acid solution were required to dissolve 

 the 50 grains. Now instead of 35° we require it to take 50° 

 to dissolve the same quantity, so that by making up the differ- 

 ence between the thirty-five and fifty with water the solution 

 is prepared; that is to say, to every thirty-five parts of the 

 acid experimented with fifteen parts of water are added. The 

 solution can be again tested if necessary, and slight modifica- 

 tions made. 



Preparation of the alkaline solution. — The alkaline solution is 

 now prepared with ease. Let fall 50° of the acid into a 

 vessel, then make a mixture of equal parts of ammonia 

 and water, fill the instrument to the 100°, and let it flow 

 upon the acid, and mark the point at which the acid is 

 neutralized. Supj^ose it to be twenty, then 80° have 

 been used for that purpose; but it must be so made as 

 that it will require 100°; therefore to every eighty parts 

 of the solution experimented with add twenty parts of 

 water. In making either of these solutions one gallon 

 can be made with the same ease as one ounce, and 

 moreover, when they are once made, there is never any 

 necessity of recurring to the carbonate of lime, as the 

 acid may now be prepared with the aid of the ammonia. 



Thus then 50° of acid dissolves exactly fifty grains 

 of pure carbonate of lime, and 100° of the ammonia 

 neutralizes fifty of the acid. V 



As using the same tube for both acid and alkali is \ 

 attended with some inconvenience, having to wash it out after 

 using one before introducing the other, I have used an addi- 

 tional tube (fig. 2), about the same diameter and a little more 

 than half as long as the calcari meter, for the acid. It has 



