FAULTS 165 

we have the appearance shown in C, which represents the 
surface produced by denudation. It will be observed that 
upon the upcast or high side of the fault lower beds succes- 
sively appear as the fault is followed from s to x. 
Oblique Faults.—The effects produced by normal dip- 
faults and longitudinal or strike-faults are so marked that the 
one kind of fault cannot be confounded with the other. Dip- 
faults, however, do not always or even often traverse the 
outcrops at right angles, nor do longitudinal faults invariably 
keep to the line of strike. Oblique dip-faults and oblique 
NORTH 
Al 

SouTH 
FIG. 43.—EFFECT PRODUCED ON OUTCROPs BY OBLIQUE FAULTS. 
strike-faults are of common occurrence, and occasionally the 
obliquity of a fault becomes so great that the dislocation 
cannot be properly termed either a dip-fault or a strike-fault. 
In Fig. 43, for example, A represents a coal-seam dipping due 
north, cut at an angle of 45° by a fault having its downthrow 
towards the north-east. It is obvious that this fault behaves 
partly as a dip-fault, inasmuch as it produces apparent 
horizontal shifting of the strata, and partly as a strike-fault, 
for it cuts out a portion of the outcrop. The fault represented 
in A! traverses a coal-seam at a more acute angle, and thus 
has rather the character of a strike-fault than a dip-fault, for 

