
~ORE-FORMATIONS 247 
introduced ores and crystalline minerals, in place of being 
diffused through the débris, are found encrusting the em- 
bedded pieces of country-rock and fragments of older vein- 
stone with successive layers, forming what are termed ring 
ores or cockade ores (Cocardenerze). 
In some reopened and refilled veins the products of the 
first infilling have not been entirely broken up—the fissure 
has simply been widened and a new comby lode has been 
formed outside of and parallel to the original symmetrical 
lode. This reopening and refilling process has in certain 
cases been repeated several times, the lode consisting of a 
succession of duplicate sheets, each two or more bands 
representing a separate infilling (see Fig. 100). Many other 

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FIG. 100.—REOPENING AND REFILLING OF VEINS. 
I—1, 2, I—1, 2, 3, 4, first infilling; II—1’, 1’, 2’, second infilling. 
structures may be observed in reopened fissure-veins. 

Occasionally, the new cavities are crowded entirely with 
rock-débris, which may or may not be ore-bearing. Now 
and again, however, the interstices and wider spaces between 
some of the larger blocks detached from the walls have not 
been completely filled with new mineral matter. In such 
cavities (or vughs) finely crystallised minerals and stalactitic 
formations frequently appear. 
Outcrop of Lodes.—The line along which a lode comes 
to the surface is variously termed outcrop, outgoing, or back. 
When a lode consists of more durable ingredients than the 
