
INDEX 
Epigene action, 55, 212, 368 
Epigenetic ore-formations, 236 
Equipment for field work, 274 
Erosion, contemporaneous, II2; curve 
of, 417; cycle of, 400, 403, 407; 
valleys of, 415. See also Denuda- 
tion 
Eruptive rocks, 
mapping of, 299 
Erzgebirge, 266 
Escarpments, 296, 399, 409 
Eskers, 315 
Essential minerals of igneous rocks, 37, 
39 
Euhedral (idiomorphic) minerals, 36 
Europe, indented coasts of, 423 
Evolution of surface-features, 393 
Excavations, 340 
Exfoliation of basalt, etc., 151, 153 
Exogenous veins, 206 
Expansion a cause of jointing, 152 
Eye-gneiss, 77 
structure of, 184; 
FACE of coal, 146 
Ferée Islands, plateau-basalts of, 211 
Fairy-stones, 122 
False-bedding, 115 
Fan-shaped structure, 140 
Fault-breccia (fault-rock), 81, 157 
Faults, 155, 295, 298, 401; origin of, 
71; influence of, on underground 
circulation of water, 356; shifting 
of, 169 
Felsite, 44, 84, 85 
Felspars, 9, 40 
Felspathic rocks, 84 
Felspathoid rocks, 51 
Felspathoids, 13, 40 
Ferruginous concretions, 121 
Fibrolite, 26 
Fieid equipment, 374 
Field geology, 273 
Finland, evidence of assimilation of 
rock by granite in, 189; ore-bearing 
igneous rocks of, 229 
Fiords, 423 
Fireclay, 62 
Fish, sudden destruction of, 263 
Fissure-veins, 237, 244. See 
Lodes 
also 
435 
Fissures of contraction, 252 
Flagstone, 60 
Flats, 252, 255, 259 
Flexures, monoclinal, 134. 
ture of strata. 
Flint, 5, 67, 84, 120 
Fluidal structure, 35 
Fluorite, 27, 249 
Fluviatile deposits, 318, 411 
Fluvio-glacial deposits, 315, 389, 3g0 
Fluxion foliation, 75 
Fluxion structure, 35 
Folded mountains, 397 
Folds, centroclinal, 135; contorted, 
141; normal or symmetrical, 135, 
396, 399; origin of, 142; quaqua- 
versal, 134; unsymmetrical, 137, 
398 
Foliation, 74, 217, 219 
Footwall, 237 
Forest-beds in peat, 319 
Form of ground and its relation to 
geological structure, 285, 296 
Forsterite, 22 
Fossiliferous strata, table of, 425 
Fossils, 90 ; rocks in which they occur, 
93; chiefly marine, 95; importance 
of, in geological investigations, 97 ; 
climatic conditions deduced from, 
77 3 geographical conditions deduced 
from, 100; crustal movements de- 
duced from, 102; geological chrono- 
logy dependent on, 102 
Foundations in relation to geological 
structure, 345 
Fracture, zone of, 271 
Fragmental igneous rocks, 53, 88, 210 
France, North, former genial winters 
in, 98 
Freestone, 60 
Friction-breccia, 170, I7I 
Friction-conglomerate, 81 
Frost, action of, 56, 63, 371 
Fuller’s earth, 62 
Fusion of rocks by granite, 189 
See Curva- 
GABBRO, 49, 89 
Galena, 246 
Ganges, plains of the, 406 
Gangue, 244 
