INDEX 



435 



Epigene action, 55, 212, 368 

 Epigenetic ore-formations, 236 

 Equipment for field work, 274 

 Erosion, contemporaneous, 112 ; curve 

 of, 417 ; cycle of, 400, 403, 407 ; 

 valleys of, 415. See also Denuda- 

 tion 

 Eruptive rocks, structure of, 184 ; 



mapping of, 299 

 Erzgebirge, 266 

 Escarpments. 296, 399, 409 

 Eskers, 315 

 Essential minerals of igneous rocks, 37, 



39 



Euhedral (idiomorphic) minerals, 36 



Europe, indented coasts of, 423 



Evolution of surface-features, 393 



Excavations, 340 



Exfoliation of basalt, etc., 151, 153 



Exogenous veins, 206 



Expansion a cause of jointing, 152 



Eye-gneiss, 77 



Face of coal, 146 



Faeroe Islands, plateau-basalts of, 21 1 



Fairy-stones, 122 



False-bedding, 115 



Fan-shaped structure, 140 



Fault-breccia (fault-rock), 81, 157 



Faults, 155, 295, 298, 401 ; origin of, 



71 ; influence of, on underground 



circulation of water, 356 ; shifting 



of, 169 

 Felsite, 44, 84, 85 

 Felspars, 9, 40 

 Felspathic rocks, 84 

 Felspathoid rocks, 51 

 Felspathoids, 13, 40 

 Ferruginous concretions, 12 1 

 Fibrolite, 26 

 Field equipment, 374 

 Field geology, 273 

 Finland, evidence of assimilation of 



rock by granite in, 189 ; ore-bearing 



igneous rocks of, 229 

 Fiords, 423 

 Fireclay, 62 



Fish, sudden destruction of, 263 

 Fissure-veins, 237, 244. See also 



Lodes 



Fissures of contraction, 252 



Flagstone, 60 



Flats, 252, 255, 259 



Flexures, monoclinal, 134. See Curva- 

 ture of strata. 



Flint, 5, 67, 84, 120 



Fluidal structure, 35 



Fluorite, 27, 249 



Fluviatile deposits, 318, 411 



Fluvio-glacial deposits, 315, 389, 390 



Fluxion foliation, 75 



Fluxion structure, 35 



Folded mountains, 397 



Folds, centroclinal, 135 ; contorted, 

 141 ; normal or symmetrical, 135, 

 396, 399 ; origin of, 142 ; quaqua- 

 versal, 134; unsymmetrical, 137, 

 398 



Foliation, 74, 217, 219 



Footwall, 237 



Forest-beds in peat, 319 



Form of ground and its relation to 

 geological structure, 285, 296 



Forsterite, 22 



Fossiliferous strata, table of, 425 



Fossils, 90 ; rocks in which they occur, 

 93 ; chiefly marine, 95 ; importance 

 of, in geological investigations, 97 ; 

 climatic conditions deduced from, 

 77 ; geographical conditions deduced 

 from, 100 ; crustal movements de- 

 duced from, 102 ; geological chrono- 

 logy dependent on, 102 



Foundations in relation to geological 

 structure, 345 



Fracture, zone of, 271 



Fragmental igneous rocks, 53, 88, 2IO 



France, North, former genial winters 

 in, 98 



Freestone, 60 



Friction- breccia, 170, 1 71 



Friction-conglomerate, 81 



Frost, action of, 56, 63, 371 



Fuller's earth, 62 



Fusion of rocks by granite, 189 



GABBRO, 49, 89 

 Galena, 246 



Ganges, plains of the, 406 

 Gangue, 244 



