508 



CENOZOIC ERA— AGE OF MAMMALS. 



of Greenland in the Miocene as 30° higher than now. Evidently there 

 was no polar ice-cap at that time. 



It is interesting to note again remnants of former types of vegeta- 

 tion now almost extinct. According to Heer, there are twenty-four 

 extinct species of Sequoias known — ten in Cretaceous, and fourteen in 

 the Tertiary. To these must now be added, four or five species from 

 the Potomac formation (Fontaine). Only two remain, and these only 

 in isolated patches in California. 



These facts show not only a warm bat a uniform climate, and prob- 

 ably also a connection in high latitudes between the American and Eu- 

 ropean Continents. A similar connection, shown also by the vegeta- 



Fig. 852. 



Figs. 845-852.— American Tertiary Plants (after Safford and Lesquereux): 845. Cinnamomum 

 Mississippiense. 846. Quercus crassinervis. 847. Andromeda vaccinifolise affinis. 848. Carpo- 

 lithes irregularis. 849. Fagus ferruginea— Nut. 850. Fruit of Sequoia Langsdorfii (after Heer). 

 851. Leaf of Sequoia Langsdorfii (after Heer). 852. Quercus Saffordi. 



tion, probably existed between Alaska and the Asiatic Continent at that 

 time. The accompanying figures represent some of the Dicotyls and 

 Monocotyls of American and European Tertiary. 



