TERTIARY ANIMALS. 535 



Although the Herbivores predominated, there were many mammals 

 belonging to other orders. For example, there were species allied to 

 the Cat, Wolf, and Fox ; also, Bats, Squirrels, Moles, and Marsupials ; 

 also many Monkeys allied to the Lemurs, Marmosets, etc., but more 

 generalized than any living Lemur. 



7. Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska— White River Basin — Miocene — 

 From this, the earliest discovered of the Tertiary basins of the West 

 (see Fig. 843, p. 504), have been collected by Hayden and described by 

 Leidy more than 40 species of mammals, of which 25 are Ungulates, 

 8 Carnivores, and the remainder mostly Rodents. Many other species 

 have been discovered in the same locality since that time. All the 

 species, nearly all the genera, and many even of the families, are entirely 

 different from those found in the preceding epoch, and much more 

 modern. Although the tapir-like animals still prevail, species of the 

 deer, the camel, the horse, and the dog families are added. This is 

 seen in the following schedule : 



f Hyena. ") 



Carnivores { m-° ' r Allies. 



1 iger. 



1 Ti 



Panther. J 

 Rhinoceros family. 

 j Brontotheridae. 



rr , ._ ] Tapir-like animals. 



*»&**■** 1 Deer family. 



Camel " 

 [ Horse " 

 Rodents. 

 Turtles. 



The most extraordinary animals of this time were the Brontotheri- 

 dae. This family, according to Marsh, included the Brontotherium, 

 the Menodus (Titanotherium), the Brontops, and several other genera. 

 They were of elephantine size, with singular, saddle-shaped head like a 

 Rhinoceros, and with at least one pair of large horns on the maxillaries. 

 These are sometimes enormously elongated. Fig. 915 is a restoration 

 of Brontops by Marsh. 



They had some affinities with their predecessors the Dinoceras, but 

 their nearest allies are the Rhinoceros and the Tapirs. Like the latter, 

 they had three hoofed toes on the hind-feet and four on the fore-feet. 



Several of the horse family are found in the Miocene, especially the 

 MesoMppus and the Miohippus. These had lost the fourth toe on the 

 fore-feet possessed by the OroMp2>us i and therefore had three toes on 

 all the feet. They may be regarded as the first of the true horse family, 

 Equidce. These three-toed horses were about the size of a sheep. 



The Oreodoti was another remarkable animal of generalized struct- 

 ure, intermediate between the Hog, the Deer, and the Camel, which 

 at this time inhabited in great numbers the whole continent from 



