432 PROFESSOR GEIKIE ON THE 
miles and a half to the south-east of Turriff, some quarries have been 
opened in a dull reddish or purplish-grey sandstone, which is not only 
full of pebbles, but contains layers and beds of coarse red conglomerate. The 
included stones consist of well-rounded pieces of granite, quartz-rock, and other 
crystalline rocks with angular flakes of schist. No fossils were observed 
there. Similar pebbly sandstone and conglomerate have been laid open in 
several other parts of the outlier, as near Dalgaty Castle, and on the road near 
Slap Farm. | 
To the west of Gamrie the coast-line for fourteen miles exposes sections of 
the slates, quartz-rocks, greywackes, serpentines, limestones, and intrusive rocks 
of the metamorphosed Highland series. On reaching Sandend Bay we again 
come upon traces of the Old Red Sandstone, meagre and fragmentary. but enough 
to indicate roughly the margin of the waters in which that formation was here laid 
down. On the east side of the bay below Redhaven a large detached stack of 
red brecciated conglomerate, very like the Gamrie deposit, stands on the upper 
edge of the beach, while ledges of the same rock extend along the shore to 
about the middle of the bay, and ascend for a short way up the Burn of Fordyce 
at Craig Mills. Those red strata rest upon and wrap round the truncated ends 
of the underlying quartz-rocks and limestones which are reddened at the junc- 
tion. The breccia has a dull deep red colour, and its angular detritus consists 
of the mere shivers of the surrounding metamorphic masses, with so little 
trace of bedding that a face of the breccia might at first be taken for a section 
of boulder-clay. No trace of any organic remains has yet been met with in this 
outlier. . 
In the next large indentation of the coast-line about four miles further west, 
red breccia is again met with, forming the picturesque stacks in Cullen Bay, 
known as the Kings of Cullen. They rise from the platform of the lowest 
raised beach, and their bases are wrapped round with folds of blown sand. The 
same rock forms a cliff or bank behind them, and extends westward, passing 
under bright brick red sandstone with breccia bands, through which the under- 
lying white quartz-rock rises to the surface. The sandstone and _ breccia 
may be traced as far as Portknockie, where they fill a hollow im the 
quartz-rock; but beyond this point the underlying metamorphic rocks 
occupy the shore. This outlier like that of Sandend Bay, is interesting in 
the evidence it furnishes as to the position of the shore-line during a part of 
the Old Red Sandstone period, and the nature of the débris which gathered 
there. We have, as before, a course breccia derived from the decomposition 
of the rocks immediately below and around. The angular quartz-rock fragments 
are imbedded in a dull red sandy ferruginous paste, and the bedding of the 
mass is indicated by the included lenticular seams and nests of red sandstone, 
which dip north-westwards at 15° to 20°. This inclination carries the breccia 

