

HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN VOWEL SOUNDS. 753 
the vibrating pointer as the sounds were being uttered. The height of the 
waves is, as we have already said, about 400 times the depth of the marks on 
the tinfoil, and their length is about seven times that of those marks. The 
examples are all numbered separately by figures on the right hand side, for 
convenience of reference to the analysis which will be given later. 
Figure 2, Plate XX XVI, gives a corresponding series of 6’s- sung by voice 
5. They are placed so that the letters denominating the pitches serve both for 
figures 1 and 2. Figs. 3 and 4, Plate XXX VIL, give 6’s by voices 3 and 4. 
In every case the specimens of the curves, which are given here, include the 
particular periods which were selected for analysis. 
It will be seen that some of the curves in the upper parts of the scale bear 
considerable resemblance to that published by DonpErs, and obtained with the 
phonautograph. The general resemblance to the forms given by Ko6nic’s flames 
is also obvious. 
Table I. gives the results of the harmonic analysis of the set of 0’s contained 
in figure 1. Tables II., III., and IV. correspond to the curves in figures 
2,3, and 4. The first diagonal line sloping upwards, and from left to right, 
gives the amplitude of the primes in the curves obtained by singing the vowel 
on different notes. The second diagonal line gives the amplitudes of the second 
partials ; and so on up to the sixth partials, beyond which the analysis did not 
extend. The absolute pitch of each partial tone is given vertically under it 
by the letters printed along the bottom of the table. The six numbers in each 
horizontal row are the amplitudes of the six partials in one single utterance. 
The number placed opposite each horizontal row, on the left side of the table, 
is the reference number for the particular example, corresponding to the num- 
ber on the right hand side of each curve in the figures. Thus, for example, 
No. 3 is 6 sung on d’; the amplitude of its prime is 119, of the II. partial 76, 
of the III. partial 5, of the IV. partial 10, of the V. partial 3, and of the VI. 
partial 2. 
[TaBie I. 
VGbke XXVIII. PART Ii, 9L 
