776 PROFESSOR FLEEMING JENKIN AND J. A. EWING ON THE 
the foregoing investigation. ‘The magnified curves frequently showed well the 
variation of pitch during the “attack” of the voice upon a given note. The 
periods were almost always much too long at first, and gradually decreased in 
length until the proper pitch was reached, which sometimes did not happen 
until more than a dozen periods had been uttered. During this commencement 
the curves passed through various forms, which were recognisable as the forms 
corresponding to the same vowel at lower pitches. An instance of this is given 
in fig. 12, Plate XI., which is taken from the beginning of the utterance of the 
vowel 6, sung on e by voice 1, of which example 10, fig. 1, has already been 
given as a specimen. 
The vowel quality often deteriorated during a long-continued utterance, and 
this of course produced a corresponding change in the curves. The most trust- 
worthy specimens were obtained as near to the beginning of the utterance as 
the gradual finding of the pitch just described would admit. Later on the 
sound was generally more musical and less vocal. Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate 
this change, which has often been attributed to the ear alone. Example 100 
is taken from the same utterance as example 8; and example 101 from the 
same utterance as example 10; but 100 and 101 come much later in the respec- 
tive utterances than the examples already given (fig. 1). The analyses of 100 and 
101, which should be compared with Nos. 8 and 10 in Table I., are as follows:— 

Partial. Th. Il. Ill. IV. Vv. VI. 
Example 100 85 194 25 26 24 + 







Example 101 79 165 74. 8 10 3 

Finally, we give an example to show the modulation of pitch and vowel 
quality during the utterance of a spoken word. The word in question was the 
third of the series “ No, no, no!” spoken by voice 5. Fig. 15, Plate XI., shows 
the commencement. What makes the is not clear, but there seems to be a 
somewhat continued hum before the 6 curve proper is reached. Fig. 16 gives a 
specimen a little later. Thirteen periods are left out between the end of fig. 15 
and the beginning of fig. 16. Fig. 17 comes eight periods later than fig. 16 ; 
fig. 18 sixteen periods later than fig. 17 ; and fig. 19 thirteen periods later than 
fig. 18. From the beginning of fig. 19 to the end of the utterance there are no 
omissions. Fig. 19 shows the dropping of the pitch towards the close, and 
also the change in quality of the spoken vowel, making it approach # It will 
be observed that the change from 6 towards @ occurs here by the strengthening 
of the second partial. 
The apparatus which we have used to magnify the records in the tinfoil 
