iow.] JAMES' BAY. 35 J 



latter becoming more numerous to the southward. The banks on this 

 side are generally sloping, with a few cuttings of sandy clay full of 

 small boulders. 



Inland, the ground rises irregularly towards the centre, where it is 

 lower than the Soutn Twins. The surface is dotted with many small 

 lakes, and covered with a low arctic vegetation. 



From the north-east point a low narrow bar of boulders, partly bare 

 at low water, runs out in a north-east direction several miles towards 

 Spencer Island. 



The rising and falling tide rushing over this bar forms a strong rapid 

 with heavy breakers. Another reef extends from the south-east point, 

 five miles in a S. by E. direction ; a ship was wrecked on it in 1732, 

 On the north point is the wreck of a large sloop belonging to the 

 Hudson Bay Company, lost here in 1886, while under the charge of 

 some Esquimaux engaged in killing white bears on the islands. In the 

 Bay on the east side a small ship's boat, painted white, was found, which 

 must have been lost from some vessel engaged in the whale fishery in 

 the northern part of Hudson Bay, as no such boat has been lost by the 

 Hudson Bay Company. 



Walter Island lies ten miles N. 40 E. from the north cud of the Walter [sland 

 South Twin. It is nearly round, with a circumference of two miles, 

 and rises with steep banks to an elevation of sixty feet at the highest 

 point. It is almost wholly made up of boulders, which are everywhere 

 tightly packed by ice on the sides and top of the Island. 



Between Walter Island and the South Twin, six miles from the lattor Emily Rock, 

 is a small bare knob of Laurentian gneiss, called Emily Rock, rising 

 in the middle fifteen : cet above high watermark, with a circumference 

 of fifty yards. The gneiss is dark fle.sh red in colour, and made up of 

 dark red orthoclase, with some quartz and black hornblende. It con- 

 tains lenticular masses of hornblende. Strike N. 30° W. 



Spencer Island is fourteen miles distant from the north end of the s cer lgland 

 North Twin on a N. 50° E. course. This island is one mile and a half 

 long by three-quarters of a mile broad, with a generally steep shore 

 line covered with boulders. On the south side is a sandy bay showing 

 three areas of ten, twenty and fifty feet elevation, the two lower having 

 cut faces of sand and gravel, the highest being forme d of small rounded 

 boulders tightly packed together, the same extending over a greater 

 part of the southern interior. On the east side is another sandy bay, 

 With a raised beach of that material fifteen feet in elevation. In this 

 bay twenty-eight empty oil casks were found, which wero probably 

 from the same wreck as the boat on the North Twin, the Hudson Bay 

 Company's people knowing nothing about them. To the northward 

 the island is lower and the boulders fewer, with more intermixed sand. 



