low.] JAMES' BAY. 49 J 



gneiss boulders; these constitute about three-quarters of the loose 

 material yhich covers the rocky surface of the hills, and fills the val- 

 leys. 



From the height of land portage, Ni-a-wa-ta-wi-ga-cbi Lake is fol- 

 lowed seven miles and a quarter in a N. W. direction. This is a long 

 narrow lake, with numerous small natural bays, branching at its 

 western end into three deep bays. The route passes to the discharge 

 at the head of the western bay. 



Here a portage of thirteen chains passes a rapid on the small Portages, 

 stream flowing out. Following down this stream three miles and 

 three-quarters on the same course, crossing portages of five, seventeen 

 and fifteen chains in length, past small rapids, Lake Ka hi-pi-ka-mow 

 is reached. The eastern bay of this lake is followed for three miles, 

 when the route turns northward up a narrow passage into a large bay, 

 running north and south, and follows the north arm of this bay to its 

 head, three mdes from the main lake. Here a portage of five chains 

 crosses to a small narrow lake, ten feet higher than the last, into which 

 it discharges by a small stream. The route follows up this lake one 

 quarter of a mile to a portage of eight chajns, that ends in a small lake 

 fifteen chains across. A portage of twenty-two chains leads thence to a 

 larger lake one mile long, separated from another lake, one mile and a 

 half long, by a portage of six chains. The portage out of the upper 

 end of the last lake is on the height of land between Bishop Roggan 

 and the south branch of Great Whale River. The country .passed through, 

 drained by Bishop Roggan River, is very similar to that previous- ■ 

 ly described, with lower hills averaging from twenty-five to fifty feet 

 above the level of the water, and never exceeding one hundred feet. 



Much more swampy land li«s about the various lakes. Everywhere 

 the hills and valleys are covered with innumerable boulders often 

 perched upon the very summit of the hills. 



The trees continue to decrease in size; they average six inches and Timber. 

 are never over twelve inches in diameter three feet from the ground. 

 They are black spruce and tamarac, with fewer banksian pine; a con- 

 siderable number of very small white birch were seen on the rocky 

 hill sides about the lakes. 



The rock at all the exposures examined on the portages and along Granite gneiss 

 the lake shores was everywhere found to be a moderately coarse-grained, 

 pink, hornblendic orthoclase gneiss : often granitic in structure, and 

 frequently holding segregations of hornblende. The general strike, 

 when seen, was about N. 60° W. 



