io..] JAMES BAY. 27 .1 



low. and formed of sand and mud. with many loose booldei - - .red 

 over it. At frequent points along this part of the shore the boulders- 

 are heaped up together, thus rising a few feet above and breaking the 

 monotony of the general level of the shore. 



it of the boulders are of Laurentian and Huronian -^ — s and charge, c » 

 schi- iated with light yellow fossiliferous limestones of Devonian er? " 



and Silurian age. non-fossiliferous. light and dark limestones similar 

 to those found at Lake Hist - . and along to - :o the north of 



Gape Jones, and also masses of the dark green trap- found associated 

 with the latter rocks. 



m the base of the escarpment on all sides, numbers of clear, cold <Jo©d wmter. 

 springs ot excellent " -~ue at all seasons. Following the shore 



from the south-west point, the course is da - i half a mile along a 

 sandy beach, about fifteen feet above high water, covered with many 

 boulders near the point ; then turning X.X.E.. a similar >andy shore 

 covered with coarse grass and low willows is passed over for one mile 

 and a-half to a flat muddy bay ; this bay. with another on the west - 

 leaves at hi^ r h tide only a low narrow neck joining the south-w< si 

 portion of the main island. From this bay the course oi the shore 

 chat_ - I S. 10 B., and runs in this direction seven miles to Son 

 P int. Between the escarpment on the south side of the island and 

 the shore is a considerable area of low swampy land not rising over 

 ten feet above high water mark, where a low embankment averaging 

 twenty feet broad, composed chiefly of boulders bedded in clay. has- 

 been pushed up by the floating ice. and forms a natural dyke to the 

 lower land behind, which - swampy and partly covered with long 



narrow fresh water lakes lying parallel to the escarpment and shore. 

 Between high and low tide <>n this side, is a wide- mud flat strewn all 

 great number of boulders. Beyond low tide mark the water 

 is very shoal for a long distance out : with the exception of the stretch 

 of coast on the easl si m S uh-east to half a mile I eyond Ho - 



Point, the above description of the shore applies to the whole otCharle- 

 ton Island. To the westwaid and northward sand and boulder shoals, 

 bare at low water, extend oat for miles from the island, rende ng it 

 impossible for ships to approach from those directions. 



The bay on the east side with the escarpment passing around it. 

 already mentioned, is two miles and a half wide and one mile deep; at 

 low water it is completely dry and expeses a broad mud flat, with 

 many large boulders upon it. 



The land between the water and ti | ment. like that on the 



south side, is very low and swampy, with over one-half its area covered 

 by small shallow lakes, formed or enlarged by numerou- beaver dams. 

 upon the three small streams that flow into this bay. 



