134 UAIBELLIKERJE. 



Old fields and roadsides; naturalized. July — Sept. Boot fusiform. Stem 2 to 

 8 feet high. Leaves pale-;zrcen, numerous. Umbels large and compact, concare 

 in fruit, resembling a bird's nest. Flowers white or cream-color, central one of 

 each umbeliet abortive and dark-purple. 



5. HERACLEUM. Linn. Cow Parsnip. 



Dedicated to Hercules. 



Calyx 5-toothed, teeth minute. Petals obovate, emar- 

 ginate, with the point inflexed. Fruit compressed, flat, 

 with a broad, flat margin, and 3 obtuse dorsal ribs to each 

 carpel; intervals with short club-shaped oil-tubes. — Stout 

 perennials , with large sheathing petioles, large flat umbels, 

 deciduous involucres, and man y -leaved involucds. 



H. LANATUM, Mich. Cow Parsnip. 



Pubescent; stem grooved; leaves 1 to 2-ternately componnd; leaflets petioled, 

 round-cordate, lobed ; fruit nearly orbicular. 



Moist cultivated grounds. June. A very large coarse looking strong scented 

 plant 4 to S feet high. Stems thick, furrowed, branching. Leaves large, on broad 

 channelled membranaceous petioles. Flowers white, in very large terminal umbels, 

 sometimes 1 foot in diameter. Petals inversely heart-shaped, the outer commonly 

 larger and radiant, appearing 2-cleft. 



6. PASTINACA. Tourn. Parsnip. 



Lat. pastas, food or repast; from the nutritive properties of the root- 



Calyx with the margin obsolete or minutely 5-toothed. 

 Petals roundish, entire, involute. Fruit oval, flat, with 

 a thin entire winged margin; the carpe/s minutely 5-ribbed, 

 3 of the ribs equi-distant on the back, the lateral ones dis- 

 tant from and contiguous to the margin. — Chiefly biennial 

 plants, with spindle-shaped roots, pinnately compound leaves, 

 yellow flowers with roundish entire petals, none radicnt, and 

 small or no involucres or involucds. 



P. sativa, L. Common Parsnip. 



Stan, grooved, smooth; leaves pinnate; leaflets sessile, cblong, incised; terminal 

 ones G-lobed, downy beneath, shining above ; umbels large, terminal. 



Fields and waste places: naturalized. July. Boat large, sweet-flavored, and 

 nutritious in its cultivated state, but in its wild state becomes hard, acrid and 

 poisonous. Stem 2 to 3 feet high, erect, furrowed, branching. Flowers small, 

 yellow. Fruit large, Mat. 



7. ARCHANGELICA. Hoffman. 



So named from its highly esteemed qualities. 



Calyx-teeth short. Petals lanceolate, equal, entire, 

 acuminate, point inflexed. Fruit flattened, the carpels each 

 8-ribbed on the back and winged at the margins, forming a 



