JtUBIACE.E. 151 



Sub-order I. STELLATiE. The true Madder Family. 



Leaves wh'orUd, with no apparent stipules; ovary 2-celled, entirely coherent with 

 Vie calyx-tube. Herbs. 



1. GALIUM. Linn. Cleavers; 



Gr. gala, milk, which some species are used to curdle. 



Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted, rotate. 

 Stamens 4, short. Styles 2. Fruit twin, globular, scpa, 

 rating when ripe into the 1 seed-like indehiscent, 1 -seeded 

 carpels. — Slender herbs, with Wangled seems, vcrticcllate 

 ledves, and small eijmosc fioweri. 



* Annual: leaves about S, in a whorl; peduncles few-flowered. 



1. GL Apauine, L. Cleavers. Goose-grass. 



Stem weak, procumbent, rctrorscly prickly ', hairy at the joints; leavs :n whorls 

 of 6s, 7s or 8s, llnear-oblanccblatc, mucronate; peduncles axillary, 1 to 2-fiowered; 

 fi uit brii ly, with hooked j rickles*. 



Moi 2 to G feet long, leaning on oth^r plants and closely 



■ iu their way by their hooked prickles. Leaves 1 to 2 inches 



Ion -. ugh on the midribs. Flowers numerous, small,, 



white. ge, armed with hooked prickles. The root is fomctiinca 



used to dye red. 



:;: :; I ' ives 4 ti 6, and sometimes 8 in a xulwrl; peduncles axiUaTj and 



U few flowered; fruit smokh. 



2. G. arprlllum, Michx. Rough Bedkiaw: 



Stem iak, much branched, rough backwards; letves in G-, 5s or 4s, 



uncles many, short. 2 to 3 times forked. 

 Lowtbicl July. Stem weak, 2 to 5 feet long, reclining en other 



tl cm by the'r minute rctrorse prickles: -fl- 

 inches long, J^ as wide. Flowers numerous, small, white. Mutt minute,. 

 smooth. 



3. G-. TRIFIDUM, L. Small Bedstraw. Dyer's Clearer?.. 

 Stem decumbent, very branching, roughish with rotrorso prickles; leaves in whor!a 



of 4 to 6, linear or i obtuse, the margins and midribs rough; peduncles 



1 to 3-f.o lebes and stamens often 3. 



V.-.r. 1. tiki rCM; stem stouter with nearly smooth angles, and the parts of tho 

 Cowers usually in fours. 



Var. 2. i . femimooth, widely branched; /cares elliptical or oblong, 



quite rough on the midribs and margins. 



Swamps and low grounds; common and very variable. Juno — Aug. Leaves % 

 to y 2 incn 10D S> K as w l! ■ often wedge-shaped at the base. Peduncles mostly in 

 I], axillary. 1 1 .:•■. 



4. Q. TRIFLOTIUM, Miehx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw. 

 Slivi weak, often procumbent bristly on the angles, turned backwards; leaves 



in 5s and fs,e;i;ptieal-lanccolute, acuminatc-cuspidata; peduncles 3-flowcrcd; ./towers 

 all pedicellcd; fruit hi6] ed, with hooked hairs. 



lieh woodlands; common. July. Stem 1 to 4 feet long, slightly branched. 

 Leaves 1 to '2 inches long, }/ % aa broad, 1-veined, srarcly ti'iate on the margin.- 

 Jb'U.wers small, greenish-white; lolesot' the corolla pointed. Fruit whitish. 



*$■* Fodun:lc several-flowered ; petals pointed ; fruit densely hooJxd, prichiy;. 



