composite. 179 



Beads radiate or rarely discoid; the disk-flowers always perfect and fertile; recep- 

 tacle chaffy ; anthers blackish, without tails at the base ; pappus none, or crown-like, or 



or two chaffy awns, never capillary or of uniform chaffy scales; leaves chiefly 

 opposite. 



26. HELIOPSIS, Pers. Ox-eye. 



Gr. Jidios, the sun, and opsis, appearance, from the resemblance of the flowers. 



Heads many-flowered j the ray-flower 10 or more in one 

 series, ligulate, fertile; disk-flowers tabular, perfect. 

 Involucre in 2 or 3 rows j the outer leaf-like and somewhat 

 spreading; the inner shorter than the disk. Receptacle 

 conical ; chaff linear. AcnEXiA smooth, 4-angled. Pap- 

 pus none, or a mere border. — Perennial herbs, with opposite 

 petioled leaves, and large showy heads of flowers with conspicuous 

 yellow rays. 



H. ljevis, Pers. Common Ox-eye. 



Nearly smooth; leaves oral-lanceolate or oblong-orate, coarsely serrate, petiolate, 

 3-veined. 



A large showy plant in hedges and thickets : common. July, Aug. Stem 2 to 6 

 feet high ; angular, 2 or 3 times forked above. Leaves 2 to 6 inches long, 1 to 4 wide. 

 Branches thickened at the summit, each terminating with a large, solitary, yellow 

 bead. — Tar. BOABBA,hafi rougbish foliage, and the involucre somewbat hoary, 6 feet 

 high. Tar. geaciixs is small and slender, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, acute at the 

 l<ne, 2 feet high. 



27. RUDBECKIA. 



In honor of Olaus Rudbeck, Professor of Botany at Upsal, in Sweden. 



Heads many-flowered ; ray-flowers neutral, in a single 

 series, ligulate ; disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of 

 the involucre leaf-like, in about 2 rows, spreading. Re- 

 ceptacle conical or columnar, with short concaTe chaff. 

 Achenia 4-angular, smooth, not margined, flat topped. 

 Pappus none, or a minute crown-like border. — Chiefly per- 

 ennial herbs, with alternate leaves and showy large heads of flowers 

 terminating the item branches, with long and drooping yellow rays. 



* Disk pale green or jyurplish. 



1. R. laciniata, L. Tall Cone-flower. 



Stem smooth, branching; leaves smooth or rougbish, the lower pinnate, with 5 

 to 7 cut or 3-16bed leaflets ; upper leaves irregularly, 3 to 5-parted ; the lobes ovate- 

 lanceolate, pointed, or entire; chaff truncate and downy at the tip. 



Low thickets ; common. July — Sept. A tall, showy plant, 6 to 8 feet high. 

 Leaves gradually less aud loss divided from the lowest to the uppermost ones. 

 Heads rather large, terminal. Hays linear, 1 to 2 inches long, bright yellow, 

 spreading or drooping. Bisk greenish yellow. 



* Disk broadly conical, dark purple or brown. 



2. R. triloba, L. Three-lohed Cone-flower. 



Hairy; stem much branched, the branches slender and spreading; upper leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, somewhat clasping, serrate or entire ; lower leaves 3-lobed, tapej- 

 jug at the base, coarsely serrate; scales of Q\e, involucre linear. 



