COMPOSITE. 181 



ucre imbricated. Receptacle flat or convex ; the persie- 

 tent chaff embracing the 4-sided and laterally achenia. 

 Pappus very deciduous, consisting of two thin chaffy-awned 

 scales (sometimes additional smaller ones). — Coarse and 

 stout herbs, mostly perennials, with mostly opposite leaves, generally 

 triple-veined, and solitary or corymbed heads, ivith yellow rays. 



* Disk fiwrrs dark purple. 



1. H. ATRORUBENS, L. Dark-red Sanfilowcr. 



% erect, branched above, hlaped with long scattered hairs: leaves mostly op- 



ulate or ovate, slightly serrate. 3-uerved, scabrous; involucre 



salts lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, as long as the disk. 



Gravelly soils. Aug., Sept. Per. — Stern 3 to 4 feet high. Lower leaves very 



Ften slightly cordate. Heads in a loose terminal panicle; rajs about 



16, yellow ; disk dark purple. 



2. H. axnuus, L. Common Sunflower. 



Leaves cordate, 3-nerved, loiver ones opposite; peduncles thick; flowers nc 

 Native of South America. July, Aug. Stem 7 to 15 feet high. Ileuds of flowers 

 very large, with broad rays of a brilliant yellow color. A splendid variety occur* 

 with the flowers all radiate. 



• * Disk flowe r s yellow; leaves ap pe ti te, or the upper sometimes alternate, 



3. H. mollis, Lam. Downy Sunfloicer. 



Stem villous ; leaves ovate with a somewhat cordate and clasping base, pointed 



Dearly entire, hoary above; involucre scales lanceolate, downy. 



Low grounds. July — Sept. Per. — Stem clothed with soft white hairs, simple, 



2 to 4 feet high. I^eai^cs hoary above, very soft white-hairy and reticulate 



rneath. H^uds few, ratii.-r large; rays 15 to 25, about one inch long, yelk ,t. 



4. II. STRUMOSUS, L. Pale-leaved Sunflower. 



Stem tall, rather simple yleaves ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrate, 3-ncrv- 

 ed, rough above, whitish and pubesbent beneath, abruptly contracted into short 

 margined peti tore scales broadly lanceolate with spreading tips, equal- 



ling the 



i.-.ver banks and dry woods; common. Aug., Sept. Per. Stem rough abeve, 

 smooth below, 2 to 4 feet high, slender, simple or sparingly brux._-.i. Heads i'tw, 

 on roughly pubescent peduncles ; rays about 10, bright yeH 



5. H. bivaricatus, L. Cross-leaved Sunflower. 



.5*>m smooth, simple or forked at the top; leaves sessile ovate-lanceolate, rounded 

 at the base, tapering to the point, opposite and divaricate, 3-nervcd, serrate, I 



ircaminate from a broad base, tiiiaxe. sj . 

 jnr,: equalling the disk. 



Thickets and barrens : common. Aug., Oct. Per.— Stem 1 to 5 feet high, scme- 

 | .e cr I'orKod and corymbed above. Leavei 

 in be .n a terminal panicle; rays 8 to 12. tr . il 



6. H. TRAC1IELIFOLFJS, Willd. Throatwort Sunflower. 



9k branched above ; leaves thin, orate-lanceelate, or ohteng- 



lanc-eoiate, ananuTi ^-nerved, emcothish or roughieh-pubeGoent en beta 



rides, contracted into short petioles; involucre scalet lanu-iineu-. elongatedaaiB 

 acuminate, loose, outer ones larger and scutrrose. 



a3 



