COMPOSITE. 205 



2. M. Floridanum, DC Gall-of-the-earth. 



Nearly smooth; stem erect, paniculate above; leaves all lyrate or runcinate, the 

 divisious sharply toothed; heads in a loose erect panicle. 



Rich Foil, woods and road sides. 'JuIy-*A.Ug., Biennial. Stem 3 to 6 fret high, 

 purplish or somewhat glaucous. Leaves 4 to -S inchei long, variable in form, the 

 vpi tr triangular; / I fled. Heads' rather small, in an oblong terminal 



panicle. Flowers blue. Pappus dirty white. Pursh states thai this plant is used 

 as a cure fur the biU of the rattlesnake, and is known by the nama of Gall-of-the- 

 •arth. 



3. M. LETJCOPHEUM, DC. Tall MiJgcJium. 



Nearly smooth; item tall, very leafy; leaves irregularly pinnatifid, sometimes 

 runcinate, coarsely toothed, the uppermost often undivided; heads in a large and 

 dense compound panicle. 



Low grounds, common. July— Sept., Biennial. Stem 3 to 12 feet high. Leaves 

 f. to 12 inches long, irregularly divided in a runcinate or pinnatifid manner, the 

 segments repand-toothed, those of the root on long stalks, the upper ones sessile. 

 >Iicads small, with pale blue or yellowish corollas. Pappus tawny white. 



69. -SONCHU3, Linn. Sow-Thistle. 



The ancient Greek namo. 



Heads, many flowered, dilated at base. Involucre im- 

 bricated. Receptacle naked. Achenia flattened lateral- 

 ly, ribbed or striate, not beaked. Pappus of numerous soft 

 and very white, -fine capillary bristles. — Leaf// -stemmed herbs, 

 chiefly smooth and glaucous, with mostly spinulose leaves and 

 corymbed or umbellate heads of numerous yellow fiowers. 



1. S. OLERACEUS, L. Common Sow- Thistle. 



Btem-leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed, with soft 

 epiny teeth, clasping by a heart-shaped base, the auride acute; involucre downy 

 when young; aeheniz striate, wrinkled transversely. 



Waste places, naturalized. July— Sept. Stem, 2 to 4 feet high, hollow, angular. 

 Leaves apparently clasping, with large retreating lol of at base, wavy and serrated 

 in a runcinate manner. Ueadsin a Bcmewhat umhelled corymb. Flowers yellow. 

 Pappus very white and silky. Introduced from Europe. 



2. S. ASPER, Vill. Spiny-leaved Sow- Thistle. 



Stem-lexxves mostly undivided, undulate or slightly runcinate, spinulose-toothed, 

 eordate clasping; lower ones spatulate or oval; heads umbellate-corymbose; achenia 

 margined, 3-nervcd on each side, smooth. 



Fields and waste places. Aug. — Sept.. Annual. Stem about 2 feet high, smooth 

 or slightly hairy. Leaves with numerous short, spiny teeth: the upper ones 

 clasping so as to appear perfoliate. Heads small, somewhat umbelled. Flowers 

 yellow. Introduced from Europe. 



3. S. arvensis, L. Corn Sow- Thistle. 



Rcot creeping; stem erect, smooth; leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, Fpiny tcothed, 

 eordate clasping, the auricle obtuse ; peduncles and involucre bristly ; aclitnia trans- 

 versely wrinkled on the ribs. 



Near cultivated grounds. Aug. — Sept. Per. Stem angular, about 2 feet high. 

 Heads large with deep yellow flowers. Introduced from Europe and sparingly na- 

 turalized. 



70. TRAGOPOGON, Linn. Salsify. 



Qt. tretgos, a goat, pogon, a beard; in allusion- to the tawny, showy pappus. 



