CUPTJLIFERJ5. 321 



13 Q. tinctoria, Bartram. Quercitron or Black Oak. 



", ovate-oblong, slightly or sometimes deeply sinuatedobod, tin 

 what tcothci, more or les3 rusty pubescent uud-.rneath; acorn depressed- 

 globose, in a flat scaly cup. 



Dry woo is common. A large tree, sometimes attaining the height of 80 to 90 



f v-t. w ith a diameter of 4 to "> feet, and a deeply furoowed black or deep brown 



bark. The inner bark i? v ery thick and yellow, used iu dying. Leaves G to 8 iuch- 



,_', broadest towards the end, quite variable. Acorns brown, uearly si ssiic, 



iialf covered with the thick scaly cup. 



14. Q. coccinea, \Yang. Scarlet Oak. 



1. ves on long petiole?, oval in outline, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, with broad and 

 open sinuses, the lobes divergent and sparingly cut-toothed, 3 to 4 on each side, 

 smooth ; cup top-shaped, conspicuously scaly; acorn roundish-ovoid. 



Rich woods, common. A tree 60 to 80 feet high, with a diameter of 3 or 4 feet. 

 of a bright shining green on both sides, turning bright scarlet in autumn. 

 large % to y 2 immersed in the cup. The woo J is used for staves, aud the 

 for tanning. 



1."). Q ; RUBRA, L. Bed Oak. 

 Leaves on long petioles, oblong, smooth, pale beneath, obtusely sinuately-lobed ; 

 ■preadiog, sparingly-toothed or entire, 4 to 6 on each side ; cup saucer-shaped, 

 bhallow. nearly smooth, much shorter than the oblong-ovoid acorn. 

 Forests, common. A tree TO to 80 feet high, with a diameter of 3 to 4 feet. 

 13 to 10 inches long, slightly pubescent in the axils of the nerves ben 



d or yellowish iu autumn. Acorns 1 inch long, with a flat base 

 in cups -o shallow as rather to resemble saucers than cups, eagerly devoured by 

 hogs. The wood is reddish and coarse grained, and the bark is used in tanning. 



16. Q. palustris, Du Roi. Michx. Pin Oak. 



Leans on long petiole?, oblong, in outline smcoth and shining, deeply pinnatifid 

 with broad and rounded sinuses, the lobes divergent, cut-lobe d and toothed, acute: 

 cup saucer-shaped, even; acorn nearly globose. 



Swampy woods, common. A handsome tree 40 to 60 feet high, with numerous 

 spreading branches and light el> gant folinge. Leaves bright green on both sides. 

 Aconis numerous, small, on short peduncles, in shallow cups. It is called Pin 

 on account of its unusual number of secondary branches which die as th« tree ad- 

 vances, giving the trunk the appearance of having pins or tree nails driven into it. 



Q. 7 Michx., f., was founded on a single tree raised in Bartram 



den near Philadelphia, recently destroyed, which was doubtless a hybred. It is 

 figured and described by Miehaux in his Sylva Americana. 



2. CASTANEA, Tourn. Chestnut 



From Castanca, a city of Thessaly, noted for its chestnuts. 



Polygamous. Sterile flowers interruptedly clustered 

 in long cylindrical aments: perianth deeply 5 to 6-parted 

 stamens 8 to 15. Fertile flowers 2 or 3 together in an 

 ovoid scaly prickly involucre : perianth urccolate, 5 to 0- 

 cleft, with the rudiments of 5 to 12 abortive stamens. Ova- 

 ry crowned with the perianth, 3 to 7-celled, 14 to25-ovuled 

 Nuts coriaceous, ovoid, 1 to 3 included in the enlarged 

 echinate 4-lobed involucre. — Trees and shrubs, with mostly 

 deciduous alternate straight veined leaves, the sterile crean -c< I 



