CONIPERiE. 339 



tufted. — Small herbs, with usually alternate leaves, and green 

 Jlowers in axillary clusters. 



P. Pennsylvania, M-ahl. American Pellitory. 



Low, simple or sparingly branched, minutely downy; leaves oblong-lanceolatr, 

 very thin, veiny, roughish with opaque dots ; flowers often, perfect., shorter than 

 the involucral 1 aves ; fertile calyx bell-shaped, 4clefc to the middle ; stigma sessile. 



Shaded rocky banks, rare. June — Aug; Ann. A small hom?ly weed 6 to 12 

 inches high. Leav i uUrntit 1 , kairy, l 1 (, to 2 inches long, J^j inch wide, on.pt- 

 tijles. 1 tower* douse, greenish and reddish- white. 



Sub-class II. GrYMXOSPERMOUS EXOGENS, 



Ovules cot enclosed in an ovary, fertilized by the pollen 

 without the intervention of a pistil, and becoming truly 

 naked seeds, the carpel being represented by a flat open 

 scale or leaf, or entirely wanting. Cotyledons often more 

 than two. 



Order. 110. C0KIFER2E.— Ptnc Family, 



Trees or :-hruls, with resinous juice, mostly 10'th subulate or acerose entire leaves, 

 and monoecious or diacious fttootrs in conn's destitute, of calyx or corolla. Ovules 

 arthotropous, EMBitto in the axis of the albumen. (Wood destitute of ducts, 

 composed chiefly of a homogeneous large woody fibre which is marked with circu- 

 lar disks ou two sides.) Comprises the three following sub orders. 



Sub- order i. ABIETINEiE. Proper Pine Family. 



Fertile flowers in aments, consisting of open imbri- 

 cated carpels in the form of scales subtended by a bract, in 

 fruit forming a strobile or cone. Ovules 2> adherent to the 

 base of each carpellary scale, with the orifice turned down- 

 ward. 



1. PINUS, Tourn. Pine. 



The classical Latin name. 



Flowers monoecious. Strobile large, conical; car- 

 pellary SCALES thickened at the summit,. becoming strong 

 and woody in fruit. Cotyledons 3 to 12, linear. — Trees, 

 often of the loftiest dimensions, with evergreen, needle-shaped leaves, 

 in fascicles of 2 to 5 from the sante slender buds, sheathed by the 

 icarious bud-scales at the base. Flowering in May or June ; the cone* 

 niatufing the seeds in the autumn of the second year. 



* Leaves 2 or 3 in a sheath, rigid, scales of the cones thickened at the end, and- most- 

 ly tijpctl with a point or spine ; bark rough. 



