446 ANOPIIYTES AND THALLOPIiYT ES. 



bricated, linear-lanceolate, comose and with a grooved keel, minutely Filiate, bris- 

 tle-tipped; those of the strongly 4 angular spike rather broader; the sorts of spore* 

 in the same axils. 

 Exposed rocks, common. Grayish-green, resembling a rigid Moss. 



2. S. APUS, Spring. Moss-like Sulaginella. 



Stems tufted and prostrate, creeping, much branched, flaccid; Uavt* pellund, 

 membranaceous, 4-ranked; those of the lateral rows spreading horizontally. ovat«- 

 •oblique, mostly obtuse; .the other much smaller, apppeaeed, acuminate ; those of 

 the short spikes nearly similar ; lai ger spore-cases at the lower part of the spike. 



Low 6hady places. July, Aug. 



137. The Order Hydropterides consists of aquatic cryp- 

 togam ous plants of diverse habits, with the fructification borne 

 at the base of the leaves, or on submerged branches, con- 

 sisting of two kinds of organs, of dubious nature, contained 

 in indehiscent ; or irregularly bursting involucres, (sporo- 

 carps). 



ANOFHYTES. 



Anophytes. Vegetables composed of parenchyma alone, 

 with acrogenous growth, usually with distinct foliage, some- 

 times the stem and foliage is confluent into a frond. They 

 embrace the following orders : Musci and Hepatice.-e, 

 (with four sub-orders Ricciacccc } Anthoccrotecc } Merchantiucece 

 and Jungermanniacece.) 



138. The Order Musci (Mosses, Fig. 4,) consists of low 

 tufted plants, always with a stem and distinct (sessile) leaves, 

 producing sporecaees which mostly open by a terminal lid, 

 and contain simple spores alone. 



139. The Order Hepatice^ (Liverworts, Fig. 5.) con- 

 lists of frondose or Moss-like pl-nts, of a loose cellular tex- 

 ture, usually procumbent, and emitting rootlets from beneath ; 

 the calyptra not seperating from the base, but usually rup- 

 turing at the apex; the capeule not opening by a lid, con- 

 taining spores, usually mixed with elaters which consists of 

 thin thread-like cells, containing one or two spiral fibres, 

 uncoiling elastically at maturity. 



THALLOPHYTES. 



Vegetables composed of parenchyma alone, or of con- 

 geries of cells or even of seperate cells, often vaguely com- 

 bined in a thallus, never exhibiting a marked distinction 

 into root, stem, and foliage, or into axis and leaves. Fruc- 

 tification of the most simple kinds consisting of *j>orule» or 

 fporidia. 



