286 OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 



13. Cynosurus L. Dogtail-grass. 



Annual or perennial tufted grasses with dense, erect, spike-like 

 panicles. Spikelets of 2 kinds, in small clusters ; the lower spikelets 

 of the clusters consisting of narrow glumes and continuous rachilla, 

 the terminal spikelets of broader glumes and articulated rachilla and 

 containing perfect flowers ; empty glumes of the fertile spikelets 

 1-nerved; lemma 1-3-nerved, pointed or short-awned ; glumes of the 

 sterile spikelets spreading, 1-nerved ; grain finally adherent to the 

 palet. 



1. Cynosurus cristatus L. Dogtail-grass. An erect slender 

 perennial grass with simple stems, l-2V 2 ft. high, with narrow leaves, 

 and dense spike-like long exserted panicles. Spikelets of two kinds, 

 in small clusters, the upper with bisporangiate flowers the lower 

 with sterile vestigial flowers ; lemma of the perfect flower pointed 

 or short-awned ; lemma of the sterile flowers very narrow, pointed, 

 and strongly scabrous on the keel. 



In fields and waste places. June-August. From Europe. Ma- 

 honing County. 



14. Phragmites Trin. Reed-grass. 



Tall reed-like perennial grasses with stout, hollow, leafy stems, 

 broad leaf blades, and large terminal panicles. Spikelets 3-7-flowered, 

 rachilla articulated, with long silky hairs; empty glumes unequal, 

 lanceolate, acute ; lowest lemma empty or subtending a staminate 

 flower; lemmas of the perfect flowers glabrous, narrow, long-acumin- 

 ate, much exceeding the short palet; grain free. 



1. Phragmites phragmites ( L.) Karst. Reed-grass. A tall 

 reed-like perennial grass with stout, hollow, leafy stems, 5-15 ft. high, 

 from long creeping rhizomes, with overlapping sheaths, and with a 

 large, tawney, rather densely flowered panicle whose branches are 

 ascending. Spikelets 3-7-rlowered, the flowers shorter than the long 

 hairs of the rachilla ; palet 3-nerved, long-acuminate. Can be used 

 for thatching. 



In swamps and wet places. August-October. Ashtabula, Cuya- 

 hoga, Erie, Lucas, Huron, Wayne, Franklin. 



Pampas-grass (Cortaderia argentea) is a related perennial grass, (5-10 ft. 

 high with a very large, dense, silky panicle, cultivated for ornament. It might 

 perhaps he successfully planted in protected places in southern Ohio. 



