GRASSES OF OHIO 319 



empty glume usually obsolete, the inner one and the sterile lemma 

 villous between the nerves with gland-tipped hairs ; fertile lemma 

 dark-brown, acute. 



In dry sandy soil. July-Sept. No specimens. 



2. Syntherisma ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. Small Crab-grass. 

 A glabrous grass with spreading or decumbent much-branched 

 stems, y 2 -2 ft. long, and a panicle of 2-6 aggregated spike-like racemes. 

 Inner empty glume and sterile lemma densely short-villous between 

 the nerves ; fertile lemma dark-brown. 



In cultivated soil and waste places. July-Sept. Lorain, Wayne, 

 Auglaize, Fairfield. From Europe. 



3. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac. Large Crab-grass. A 

 grass with branched spreading stems, 1-5 ft. long, usually decumbent 

 at the base and often rooting at the lower nodes. Panicles of 3-12 

 narrowly linear, spike-like racemes, digitate or approximate in 

 w r horls ; spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, acute ; outer empty glume usually 

 present, minute; fertile lemma pale or grayish. 



In cultivated and waste ground. A very troublesome weed. 

 Makes good hay and pasturage. July-Sept. General. Naturalized 

 from Europe. 



56. Echinochloa Beauv. Barnyard-grass. 



Usually coarse annual grasses with long broad leaf-blades, com- 

 pressed sheaths, and terminal panicles of stout one-sided racemose 

 branches. Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal flower and a staminate 

 or vestigial one below ; empty glumes unequal, spiny hispid on the 

 nerves, mucronate ; sterile lemma similar, usually awned from the 

 apex, its palet hyaline; fertile lemma and palet chartaceous, acu- 

 minate ; margin of the lemma inrolled ; grain free, enclosed in the 

 flowering glumes. 



1. Leaf sheaths glabrous ; second and third glumes more or less awned. 



E. crus-galli. 



1. Leaf sheaths, at least the lower ones densely papillose-hirsute; second and 



third glumes long-awned. E. walteri, 



1. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Common Barnyard-grass. 

 A rather succulent grass branching from the base, with ascending 

 or erect stems, 2-7]/$ ft. long, and a dense panicle of numerous erect 

 or spreading, or sometimes reflexed branches. Spikelets ovate, green 

 or purple, densely crowded in rows on one side of the rachis; empty 

 lemma more or less awned ; fertile lemma ovate, abruptly pointed. 



A common weed. Sometimes cultivated for hay. A variety is 

 sometimes advertised as "Billion Dollar Grass." In cultivated and 

 especially in manured soil and waste places. Aug.-Oct. General 

 and abundant. Naturalized from Europe. 



