8 : Othniel Charles Mi eh 
1856. He immediately entered the freshman class in Yale 
College, pursuing the regular classical course, and receiving 
the degree of B.A. in 1860. Graduate courses in the natural 
sciences were continued in the Sheffield Scientific School during 
the two years following (1861-62). The long summer vacations 
from 1851 to 1862 were occupied in collecting minerals and 
fossils from New York, New England, and Nova Scotia. To 
the latter region he made five trips during this interval, and 
obtained much valuable experience and scientific material. 
On his second visit (1855) he found some fossil vertebree in 
the Coal Measures at South Joggins, representing a new and 
important vertebrate animal (Hosaurus). This discovery 
finally directed his studies into the channel which became his 
life-work. At this time, however, his interests were about 
equally divided between invertebrate paleontology and miner- 
alogy, and it is worthy of note that his first scientific paper 
was published in Ta1s JourNaL in 1861, under the title “ The 
Gold of Nova Scotia.” 
The description of Hosaurus did not appear until 1862, 
seven years after its discovery. Even then it cannot be said 
that he had developed a strong liking for vertebrate paleon- 
tology. This closes the account of his student life in American 
schools. 
The next three years were passed in study abroad, in the 
universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, and Breslau. He attended 
lectures and took special courses with H. Rose, G. Rose, 
Ehrenberg, Peters, Roemer, Grube, and Gceeppert. The vaca- 
tions were occupied, as before, by geological excursions. He 
visited the most important localities in Europe, and obtained 
extensive collections. His official connection with Yale Col- 
lege began by his appointment, in 1866, to the chair of 
Professor of Paleontology. This title he held in high esteem, 
as it was the first established either in this country or else- 
where. 
After attending the meeting of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science at Chicago, in 1868, Marsh 
went as far west as Nebraska and Wyoming, along the route 
of the Union Pacific railroad, then just opened. This trip 
gave him a foretaste of the inexhaustible fossil riches of the 

