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forests are black gum, red maple, tupelo, swamp poplar, various 

 oaks, sweet gum, and sweet bay. The more mature bottomland forests 

 may have beech, oaks and elms. In the smaller floodplains of the 

 northern sections of the Bay, the dominant species are: beech, 

 river birch, sycamore, box elder, and silver maple. 



Animal species are also quite abundant in bottomland forests, 

 due to the presence of a large supply of foods. Typical animals 

 include: salamanders, toads, frogs, turtles, snakes, ducks, hawk, 

 turkey, woodcock, woodpeckers, warblers, and cardinals. The list 

 of mammals occurring here is much the same as those of the cypress- 

 gum swamp forest, and should also include the opossum, eastern 

 cottontail, squirrels, and beaver. 



Pine Flatwoods . Loblolly and pitch pine dominate the coastal 

 flatwoods, with loblolly pine particularly important in Virginia 

 and pitch pine dominant in Maryland. The pine flatwoods are 

 generally rather open with an incomplete canopy, and often have a 

 diverse shrub and herb zone. These forests may be successional, 

 and thus will eventually be naturally replaced by an upland hard- 

 wood forest. Some frequently found animals are the pine woods tree 

 frog, fence lizard, cornsnake, hawks, quail, several woodpecker 

 varieties, the pine warbler, pine woods sparrow, meadowlark, 

 towhee, and pine mouse. 



Upland Hardwood Forest . This is the climax forest of the 

 upland parts of the region, and is dominated by various species 

 of oak. Other mixed hardwoods including blackgum, hickories, 



