DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON NEW LICHENICOLOUS MICRO -FUNGI. 531 



disk of the apotliecium is, however, chiefly affected. Here the parasite is so 

 abundant and so closely aggregated, that it renders the usually smooth disk 

 quite black, and rough-granular or warted ; the apothecia then resembling, 

 especially in colour, those of L. atra. The spores are sometimes 1 -septate or 

 3-nuclear, resembling many lichen-sporidia. 



(b) Corticolous : on birch bark, Corramulzie Linn, Braemai - , Aug. 1856, W. L. L. 



— Parasitic on both thallus and apothecia. As in the last case, the disk of the 

 apothecia is frequently quite black and roughened from the growth of the 

 Torula. 



(c) Corticolous: Morchone, Braemar, Aug. 1856, W. L. L.— On thallus only. 



((7) Corticolous : on firs, base of Ben Lawers, on banks of Loch Tay, June 1856, 

 W. L. L. — Equally on thallus and apothecia. Sometimes, as in cases a and 6, 

 the disk is blackened with the parasite, and resembles that of L, atra. Spores 

 bluish. 



(e) Corticolous: on ash, roadside, Loch Tay, June 1856, W. L. L. — Copiously 

 and generally studded over thallus ; much more abundant than the spermo- 

 gonia of the Lecanora; very distinct, black, punctiform bodies ; spores generally 

 2-nuclear, brown. 



(/) Both corticolous and saxicolous : Kyles of Bute, Aug. 1852, W. L. L. — On 

 thallus ; spores indigo-blue ; simple (no contained nuclei) j narrow, and fre- 

 quently longer than usual. 



(g) Corticolous: on firs and other trees, Caerlaverock road, Dumfries, Aug. 1856. 

 W. L. L. — Scattered on thallus of var. albella, Pers. Spores large and more 

 numerous than usual ; frequently exhibit 2 polar nuclei ; that which occupies 

 the upper and broader end of each spore in the spore-chain being generally the 

 lai'ger ; or there is only one nucleus at the superior or distal end of the spore. 



(Jt) Corticolous : near Dunglass, Cockburnspath, June 1856, Dr Murray Lindsay. 

 — Variety of the Lecanora. Torula intermixed on thallus with spermogonia, 

 which have not the usual characters of those of L. subfusca. Spores bluish. 

 Terminal articulation of the spore-chain, as usual, darkest in colour, with a 

 rounded apex. The other spores, when separated, have squarish or truncated 

 ends, and an oblong form. Occasionally the mature spore contains one or two 

 nuclei. Sometimes the spore-filament developes only one (terminal) articula- 

 tion ; at other times there is no articulation at all — the filament being sterile 

 or abortive — then resembling the paraphysis of a lichen. 



(?) Corticolous: woods of Blackball, Strichen, Aberdeenshire, July 1865, Layton. 

 — Copiously scattered over the warts or areolae of the subverrucose and areolate 

 thallus, but sparingly studding the apothecia. 



(Jc) Corticolous: on alder; Pease Dean, Berwickshire, 1856, James Hardy. — 

 Thallus sub-tartareous ; many apothecia degenerate; disks eroded. Parasite 

 abundant, both on disk and exciple : of apothecia, and on thalline areola?. 

 Spores with polar nuclei, somewhat resembling certain physcioid sporidia in 

 lichens. 



(I) Corticolous: Penmanshiel, Berwickshire, February 1857, Hardy. 



2. Irish forms. 



(a) Corticolous: near Cork, March 1858, Isaac Carroll. Associated with Physcia 



candelaria, Ach. — Thallus subtartareous, made up of numerous closely- aggre- 

 gated verruciform areolae ; apothecia mostly degenerate ; disk has disappeared, 

 and the apothecia have assumed the appearance of irregular warts. Parasite 

 is copiously studded over both thallus and apothecia, which have alike a black- 

 punctate character. The Torula has its usual black, punctiform character. 

 The basal cellular tissue is bluish, bluish-black, or brownish, resembling in 

 this respect the varying colour of the spores. Each spore-filament usually 

 developes four or five articulations, which are oblong and simple, broader above 

 than below. The terminal ones, the largest, are about -00025" long, and 

 •000111" broad. 



(b) Corticolous : on old beeches, Castle Bernard, Cork, Carroll. Associated with 



SUgmatidium crassum, Dub. — On both thallus and apothecia (disk and exciple 



