DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON NEW LICHENICOLOUS MICRO-FUNGI. 533 



varying, however, both in length and breadth. Spores also variable in dimension : 

 simple ; oblong, with rounded ends when mature ; colourless in the young state, 

 gradually acquiring an olive tint with maturescence ; terminal articulation, as usual, 

 deepest in colour. Spore-filaments consist frequently of six articulations — some of 

 which, however, are sometimes atrophied, assuming the aspect of linear threads or 

 ribbons connecting the normal spores. 



D. Parasitic on the apothecia of Leeidea ferruginea, Huds. 



(a) Corticolous: Craig Rossie, Dunning, Perthshire, April 1858, W. L. L. 



(b) Corticolous: on silver fir: Ardrum, near Cork, Mar. 1858, Carroll. 



E. Parasitic on thallus of Leeidea anomala, Ach. 



(«) On ash and other trees, associated with Lecanora mbfusca and Perhisaria com- 

 munis; near Dunglass, Cockburnspath, Berwickshire, Dr Murray Lindsay, 

 June 1856.- The parasite here is associated with, and apt to be mistaken for, 

 spermogonia. Terminal spores blackish ; rounded at upper end ; sometimes 

 containing enclosed nuclei. 



(b) Dunglass ; thallus of the Leeidea white and granulate. Torula intermixed with 



spermogonia. 



F. Parasitic on thallus of Lecanora varia, Ach. 



Sub Parmelia in Leighton's Exs. No. 176; on fir bark, Twyford Churchyard, Shropshire. 

 Intermixed with spermogonia, with which the parasitic perithecia are apt to be con- 

 founded. In the same perithecia, moreover, the spore-filaments of the Torula are 

 associated with the sterigmata of the Lecanora, taking here the place of the sterile 

 hypertrophied sterigmata of lichen-spermogonia.* 



G. Closely associated with, but not parasitic on, various corticolous Lichens. 



(a) On or with Arthonia melaspermella, Nyl. ; corticolous ; Weybridge, Surrey, 

 Currey. In the "Journal of the Linnean Society" (Botany, vol. ix. pp. 271 and 

 286, tab. 6, figs. 2 c, 3 c, and 6), I have erroneously described and figured the 

 parasite as the Pycnidcs of the Arthonia. Here the articulations of the spore- 

 filament are bluish. It is impossible to determine whether or not there is a 

 proper thallus of the Arthonia, on which the Torula occurs. 



(J)) With Opegrapha atra, Pers. ; in Sch^erer's Exs. No. 634; right hand specimen 

 in my copy. Spores brown ; smaller than is usual. 



(c) With Verrucaria epidermidis, Ach., Malham, Yorkshire, Oct. 1857, Dr Carrington. 



■ — Spore-filaments of two or three articidations only. Terminal spores -00025" 

 long, very narrow and granular. 



In the foregoing cases (B to G) the parasite has the same essential characters 

 that it exhibits when frequenting its much commoner host — especially in Ireland 

 — Lecanora subfusca. 



It is probable that the Torula, which is described as destroying the apothecia 

 of Biatorina fraudans, Helb., in Spitzbergen (Th. Frtes in " Lichenes Spitsber- 

 genses," p. 35), as well as that referred to in Nylander's "Synopsis" (p. 58), 

 is Torula lichenicola. But of neither Fries' nor Nylander's plants have I seen 

 specimens. T. lichenicola has a suspiciously close resemblance to what Nylander 

 describes in his " Prodromus" (p. 86), as the Pycnides of Sphceria epicymatia — 

 a parasite, which, he says, is common on Lecanora subfusca, but which I have 

 never found. In the same work (and same page) he mentions Torula morri- 

 lioides, Bon. ; but I have no means of knowing whether this is T. monilioides, 

 Cd., or Bispora monilioides, Cd. 5 of Berkeley's "British Fungology" (pp. 326 

 and 327); or T. lichenicola; or some plant — fungus or lichen — different from 

 either. 



* Vide p. 532 and foot note * 

 VOL. XXV. PART II. 6 Y 



