448 



CONTENTS. 



The "Wing flexed and partly elevated by the action of elastic ligaments — the nature and posi 



tion of said ligaments in the Pheasant, Snipe, Crested Crane, Swan, &c., 

 The elastic ligaments more highly differentiated in Wings which vibrate rapidly, 

 Analysis of the movements of extension and flexion in the Wing of the Gannet, 

 Measurement, weight, &c. , of Gannet and Heron, .... 

 Flight of Gannet as witnessed from the Bass Eock, .... 



395 

 396 

 381 

 385 



388 



ARTIFICIAL FLIGHT. 



The Balloon, 



The Inclined Plane, 



The Aerial Screw, . 



Artificial Wings ; Borelli's views, 



Professor Marey's views, 



Chabrier's views, 



Straus-Durckheim's views, . 



The Author's views — his method of constructing and applying artificial Wings as contradis 



tinguished from that of Borelli, Durckheim, and Marey, 

 The Wave Wing of the Author, ..... 

 Compound Wave Wing ditto, ..... 



How to construct an artificial Wave Wing on the Insect type, 

 How to construct an artificial Wave Wing on the type of the bat and bird 

 How to construct an artificial Wave Wing which shall evade the resistance of the air during 



the up stroke, . 

 Compound rotation of the artificial Wave Wing ; the different parts of the Wing travel at 



different speeds, 

 How the Wave Wing creates currents and rises upon them, and how the air assists in elevating 



the Wing, ......... 



The Aerial Wave-screw of the Author, ...... 



How to apply artificial Wings to the air, ...... 



As to the nature of the forces required for propelling artificial Wings, 



Artificial Wings propelled at various degrees of speed during the down and up strokes. 



Necessity for supplying the roots of artificial Wings with elastic structures in imitation of the 



muscles and elastic ligaments of flying animals, ... 



403 

 404 

 406 

 409 

 413, 418 

 417 

 418 



419 

 420 

 426 

 422 

 427 



424 



437 



436, 437 



439, 440 



431 



432 



439 



433 



