
OF PUTREFACTION AND OTHER FERMENTATIVE CHANGES. 329 
but still more by the fact that, just like the original specimen, it grew freely 
in non-saccharine urine, in which Zorula Cerevisiw develops only with ex- 
treme difficulty. 
The organism, having thus, after many months of slow growth in the fila- 
mentous form in the altered PasrEur’s solution, recovered its purely toruloid 
and luxuriant habit in the medium in which it presented those characters at the 
outset, retained them when transferred to uncontaminated PAstTEurR’s solution. 
For having, with the touch of a “heated” pipette, introduced a speck of the 
rapidly growing scum from the urine into a second glass of Pasreur’s solution, 
which had been charged along with the former six days before, but had hitherto 
remained unchanged, I found the morsel of scum increased in fourteen hours to 
four times its original diameter, and on the following day it nearly covered the 
surface of the liquid, and the side of the glass was sprinkled with white granular 
specks, which after another day were disposed in vertical streaks, just as they 
had been in a glass of PasTeur’s solution, inoculated from the original urine- 
glass nearly two years previously. And on examining the scum microscopically, 
I found it to consist of the torula unmixed with any filamentous element, as 
seen in 0, p, g, 7, and s, Plate X XIII. 
Those who have the patience to follow me through these minute details, 
inseparable from so minute a subject, will acknowledge the importance of 
having it clearly demonstrated that an organism, which, for weeks together and 
in different media, showed itself as an unmixed torula, was in reality a conidial 
development from a filamentous fungus. or one such instance rigorously 
proved, leads to the suspicion that the same is in all probability the case with 
the whole group of torule, and that though BERKELEY appears to have been 
deceived when he thought he traced a direct connection between Torula 
Cerevisie and Penicillium Glaucum,* yet his belief that the yeast plant is 
derived from some filamentous form will turn out to have been sound when 
the mode of investigation which I have been describing shall have been applied 
to that case. Without some such method, permitting us to study an organism 
for a protracted period, unmixed with others, in different media or in the same 
medium altered under its fermenting influence, the true affinities of the Torwla 
Ovalis would have remained as obscure as those of Torula Cerevisie are at 
present. Further, without entering here upon all the bearings of this observa- 
tion, it may be remarked that for an organism so humble as a torula, though 
modified by varying circumstances, to retain its specific morphological and 
physiological characters unimpaired for two years together, is a fact fraught 
with the deepest instruction. 
I next unpacked and examined the test-tube containing the urine. I found 
* See Du Bary, Morphologie und Physiologie der Pilze, &e., Leipzig, 1866, p. 184. 
VOL. XXVII. PART III. 4R 
