300 PROFESSOR LISTER ON THE GERM THEORY 
the fluid all evaporated except about two minims above a considerable crystal- 
line mass. The part of the glass, about an inch high, left exposed by the dry- 
ing was studded over as before with round gelatinous specks, those on the 
upper half inch being largest, viz., about 5th inch in diameter. Breaking the 
tube with antiseptic precautions, I examined one of the little transparent lumps 
with the microscope, and found it to consist almost exclusively of the filament- 
ous form of the fungus, the conidial element being, as before, much less marked 
in this tube than in that of PAsTEur’s solution. There was a somewhat larger 
proportion of conidia in the liquid residue, which, however, was thick from the 
abundance of the fungus filaments in it; but there was no longer any appear- 
ance of bacteria. I introduced a portion of the gelatinous lump into a glass of 
uncontaminated urine, which had been charged along with the one inoculated 
from the tube of Pasteur’s solution (viz., nine days previously); but as no 
growth showed itself in the course of the next eleven days, I concluded that the 
organism had, in the highly concentrated and altered urine, at length lost its 
vitality. Yet the examination of this urine-tube proved not devoid of interest. © 
For although the bacteria which were seen in it when it was last examined 
had the ordinary rod shape, and did not differ in appearance from those com- 
monly seen in putrefying urine, yet the liquid in this glass had no ammoniacal 
odour, but a very peculiar smell resembling musty cheese rather than urine, — 
and it was sharply acid to test paper, even when diluted with several times 
its bulk of water. Here, then, we have an example of what we shall see 
abundantly illustrated in the sequel, viz., that bacteria of similar morphological — 
characters may differ entirely as regards the fermentative changes to which 
they give rise, being, like the torule, as specifically distinct as the fungi from 
which some of them at least appear to take their origin. 
The observations to which I have next to direct attention were made upon 
a filamentous fungus, which I was induced to investigate in the hope that it 
might prove to be the parent of the Torula Cerevisie, occurring as it did in cir- 
cumstances analogous to those under which the filamentous form of the Torula 
Ovalis had been met with. I had introduced into a “heated” and covered glass — 
of PasTEuR’s solution a morsel of German yeast, with the effect of inducing the 
usual evolution of gas that accompanies the alcoholic fermentation, followed by 
the gradual supervention of the black colour before alluded to. Some minute 
plants of filamentous fungi, seen in the course of the first few days, had appa- 
rently ceased to grow, and no penicillium or other ordinary fungus appeared; 
but after the lapse of two months I observed, upon the surface of the liquid and 
upon the part of the glass left exposed by evaporation, a low white mould, 
which, under the microscope, was seen to be composed of branching septate 
filaments and fructifying threads, the latter in somewhat irregular forms, but 
most frequently producing moniliform terminal chains of spores; the fungus, 

