
OF PUTREFACTION AND OTHER FERMENTATIVE CHANGES. Jol 
though apparently too insignificant to have attracted the notice of mycologists, 
being referable to the genus oidium. ‘The largest of the spores were not unlike 
those of yeast; and other similar spores were seen in toruloid groups in the 
scum that existed on the surface of the liquid. Hoping that I had discovered 
the filamentous form of the Torula Cerevisiw, I was anxious to investigate this 
mould further; but having used all the scanty growth for the examination 
already made, I set the glass aside to allow further development, and circum- 
stances prevented me from looking at it again till nearly four months more had 
elapsed. I then found the sour liquid blacker than ever, and further reduced 
by evaporation, the only other change visible to the naked eye being that the 
same low white mould had grown again in small amount upon the side of the 
glass. Finding that it still retained the same characters under the microscope, 
I hoped that by transferring it to a saccharine solution I might get it to repro- 
duce the Toruwla Cerevisie, just as I had got back the Torula Ovalis by placing 
its filamentous form in fresh urine. Accordingly, having taken up a portion of 
the mould with a “ heated” knife, I introduced a morsel of it into a “ heated” 
and covered glass containing freshly prepared Pasreur’s solution, and placing 
the remainder in a drop of water between plates of glass, made a further 
examination with the microscope. a,, in Plate XXIV., represents a fructifying 
filament, the segments of which are some of them in the form of a moniliform 
chain of spores, while others present a transverse line indicating tomiparous 
division into gemmee, and one has given off a conidial bud, the last being an 
appearance comparatively rarely seen in this fungus when first removed from 
the wine-glass. But on examining again, after fifteen hours, the same specimen, 
which had been kept in a moist atmosphere to prevent evaporation, I found free 
spores in considerable numbers about the filament previously sketched, and the 
filament itself was studded with numerous fresh conidial buds, as shown in out- 
line at a@,, the one previously present having dropped off. The great rapidity 
with which this conidial budding took place under the influence of the water is 
further indicated by the sketch at a, taken only two hours later, where all the 
buds present at the former examination are seen to have either grown larger or 
to have dropped off, while several fresh ones have made their appearance. 
This abundant formation of conidia in the new medium increased my hopes 
that I should get back the Torula Cerevisie in a saccharine fluid. This hope, 
however, was doomed to disappointment. So far from the organism exhibiting 
in the glass of PasTEuR’s solution a toruloid development, it assumed there the 
Opposite condition of a filamentous growth, in which any appearance of conidial 
formation was a rare occurrence. b,c, and d in Plate XXIV. represent 
sprouting conidia, ¢ a very young plant, and / the extremity of a filament. 
The entire distinction of this fungus from the yeast plant was further shown 
physiologically by the fact that it grew extremely slowly in the saccharine 
