BANKS OF THE TWEED AND SOME OF ITS TRIBUTARIES. 517 
between those places it rose only 15 feet. The flooded waters would expand 
up the valley of the Till, instead of rising vertically in the Tweed. 
But notwithstanding this circumstance, it rather appears that in several places, 
there is a line of cliffa foot or two above the level to which the flood in 1831 rose, 
implying that at some former period, the water did rise a little higher than in 1831. 
This may be explained in two ways :—It may have been, that really on some 
former occasion beyond tradition, there occurred a greater flood, of which the 
traces were obliterated, except at a few spots; or it may have been, that more 
than a 100 years ago, the river, at these parts of its course, flowed in a slightly 
higher channel. 
On the other hand, it is rather a remarkable circumstance, that all the fords 
across the Tweed, which existed several hundred years ago, remain still shallow 
and passable. These fords were always guarded on both sides by encamp- 
ments or fortlets, traces of which yet remain. 
There has therefore, during probably more than 1000 years, been little or no 
change in the actual channel of the river, notwithstanding that the river may 
now have heavier floods, owing to agricultural drainage. 
3. The following is an enumeration of places where old water lines, above 
the flood marks of the existing river, are observable. 
These lines are indicated on the plan of Tweed valley forming Plate XX XV. 
They are shown by thick black lines, with numbers which correspond to those 
in the following table. 

Above 
Above | Med. 
Name of Place. River. | Sea Remarks. 
Level. 



1. Berwick Town (north side of} 30 22 |1. Bridge Street forms a flat, along the base of a 
river), steep bank, up which bank several streets have 
been formed,—as for example Hyde-hill Street. 
Flat or terrace here. 


2. Tweedmouth (south side of| 34 22 | 2. There is a sloping bank visible, bounding the 
river), or 35 flat, at this level. 
3. New Water haugh (north side} 35 22 | 3. Sloping bank visible for several hundred yards. 
of river), 
4, Yarrow haugh (south side of| 34 4, Considerable flat, bounded by sloping bank. 
river), Height ascertained by aneroid and levelling. 
5. Lowhaughs, near junction of 5. There are three water lines here, as shown in the 
Whitadder with Tweed (north following section, viz., A, C, and E. 
side of river), 
F 
D E 
B Cc 
R A 
Fig. 2. 
R River Whitadder, with haugh land to A covered in ordinary floods, about 6 feet above river. 
A Ba sloping bank of 19 paces made by these ordinary floods, rising to a level of about 16 feet above river. 
BC a flat of about 60 paces reaching to C, about 17 feet above river, where a bank occurs undermined by 
highest existing floods. 
CD sloping bank of about 73 paces, reaching up to a flat D E, having a width of about 120 paces, 
bounded by another sloping bank E F, the base of which, E, is,about 40, feet above river. 
Above F there is a general flat about 76 feet above river,, ’ 
VOL. XXVII. PART Iv. 6X 
i) 
