
BANKS OF THE TWEED AND SOME OF ITS TRIBUTARIES. 527 
detrital, z7.¢., boulder clay and coarse gravel, except at e’””, on the east side of 
the diagram. There, the old red sandstone rocks have been cut through to the 
depth of about 12 feet, with 8 feet of gravel over them. 
The base of the steep bank e¢ on the west side of this diagram, is about 
234 feet above the river near it, and at e’”” on the east side of the diagram from 
18 to 20 feet above the river at that place. 
The highest flood remembered was in the year 1846. The river then rose 
about 6 or 7 feet. It overflowed the haugh up to the line h, h, h, where there 
is a hedge and sloping bank, forming from time immemorial the boundary 
between the parishes of Dunse and Buncle. 
C is a woollen factory, the water-wheel of which is supplied by the lade 
9,9,g. This lade about fifty years ago was the channel of the river. 
The present channel, shown by the arrows, was a new cut made by the late 
Mr Witson of Cumledge, who erected the factory. 
The cliff a a’, on the east side of the diagram, is about 30 feet high, and runs 
along and above the flat ground H. The base of the cliff a a’ is about 22 feet 
above the river nearest to it. It has all the appearance of a river bank, made 
at some former period when the river ran in a nearly straight course from west 
to east. 
The line £ 4, on the west side of the diagram, indicates an intermediate bank 
between the steep bank ¢ e’ and the lower bank h h. 
These facts indicate the following changes in the level and direction of the 
river in this part of its course :— 
1st, The river, after emerging from the rocky fissure between Cockburn 
Law and the Stanesheill, ran originally over the flat district, A, A’, A”, A”, 
which is from 70 to 80 feet above the present channel. 
2d, The river then began to cut for itself a groove through the coarse 
detritus lying over the rocks, the groove being for a time stopped from getting 
deeper, by a whinstone rock, which occurs at D. The river then probably ran 
in a tolerably straight course, traces of which are the bank at ¢ and the bank 
at a’ a’, about 22 or 23 feet above the present channel. 
3d, The river, in continuing to cut its way to a lower level, was diverted by 
the rock at D more towards the north, and then it began to form the bank g, ¢’, 
o. Bee. 
4th, The obstruction at D having been partially overcome, the river sank to a 
somewhat lower level, and formed a bank, of which a trace exists at & &. 
5th, It next occupied a still lower channel at g, g, g. 
The River Whitadder, therefore, in this part of its course, has formerly run 
in a channel, which was at least 15 feet above the level reached now by its 
greatest floods. 
(2.) The River Till, except where it joins the Tweed, presents, in the lower 
