BANKS OF THE TWEED AND SOME OF ITS TRIBUTARIES. 541 
map itself, if consulted, will show that these ridges prevail through all the 
lower parts both of Berwickshire and Roxburghshire.* 
(3). Whilst in any one district, these ridges when near one another are 
approximately parallel, it is interesting to observe, that when the whole valley 
of the Tweed, from the sea upwards is examined, there will be found a con- 
siderable change in the direction of the ridges. This is a point which suggests 
important inferences ; and, therefore, some details are excusable. 
a. In the first place, an examination of the shaded Ordnance Map of Ber- 
wickshire and Roxburghshire reveals this change. When parallel rulers are laid 
along the ridges in Roxburghshire, it will be seen that whilst the general 
direction there is N.N.E. true, the direction in the lower parts of the valley 
gradually changes to due east and west, or even a few degrees south of east. 
6. An examination of well-formed eskars or kaims in different parts of the 
valley, gives the following, beginning wae those in the higher parts of the valley 
and going eastward :— 
1. Long Ridge of Sand near Eckford, on River Cayle, : : F E.N.E. 
2. A Ridge of Gravel and Sand, Castleton Parish; 1) 5 N.E. by E. 
3. Long Ridge of Gravel and Sand at Riddleton Hill, near St Beerelle N.E. 
4, Another do., halfa mile east, . : E.N.E, 
5. Several idee: of Gravel at North Ped Wall of leaes Policy, : N.E. by N. 
6. Ridges, Kaims, and Lines of Bank at Heriot Bank, near Kelso, é E. by N. 
7. Ridge at Kaimflat and Kelso Race-Course,} . ; E. by N. 
8. Tae Ridge of Gravel and Sand at Palinsburn, near Gaal, : E. by N. 
9. Faddon- hill a Long Ridge near Tiptoe, on the River Till, 3 é EK. by 8. 
10. Skaithmuir, N.W. a8 Galgeineane: : ; , ; E. 25° N. 
11. Swinton Parish Ridges, : “ : : : ‘ : 2° B20 NN. 
13. Eccles Parish Ridees, : s f ; : : A : N.E. 
13. Whitsom Parish Ridges, . ‘ : é ; ¢ : : 18, LB? IN 
14. Horndean Ridges, : ; : 3 : : : ? : E, and W. 
15. Hutton Parish Ridges, : ; L L : ; : E. 5° or 6" S. 
16. Baldersberry Hill (Berwick bounds), : : , 3 : : E. 23° 8. 
17. Cocklaw Hill @xdo..) : : ; 2 : E. 24° S. 
The ridges in fig. 12 indicate a similar change in direction. Those marked 
B are about 4 miles lower down the valley than A. The direction of the B 
ridges differs about 10° from the A ridges. 
Representations of these ridges are on the diagram (Plate XX X VIII.) which 
embraces (of course on a very reduced scale) the whole valley of the Tweed up 
to the summit level near St Mary’s Loch and Moss Paul, about 800 feet above 
the sea. 
On this diagram there is indicated, the general line of the hills bounding 
* These ridges of gravel have so influenced the popular mind as to be made use of for identifying 
places on the Borders. The terms “ Long-ridge,” “ Kaims,” “ Kaim-know,’ “ Kaim-fiat,” “ Cambridge,” 
“Campton,” all have reference to these ridges. The estate of Kaims, in Eccles parish, when its pro- 
prietor Henry Hom, a historian and philosopher, was made a Judge in the Supreme Court of Scotland, 
supplied him with a titl—Lord Kamrs. 
+ The direction of the striz on the Kerchester Boulders (page 546) and tne Carham Limestone rock 
(page 548) agrees with the direction of the gravel ridges near Kaimflat and Kelso. 
VOL. XXVH. PART IV. aD 
