BANKS OF THE TWEED AND SOME OF ITS TRIBUTARIES. 545. 
rails, and 100 feet long, well rounded on west side, and covered with gravelly 
detritus. 
The blocks marked 6, 6, 6, &c., are of chert limestone, up to 6 feet (cubical) 
in size, mostly lying on the east side of the rock. The parent rock is a mile to 
the west. 
About 2 miles west of Carham, there are several boulders of whinstone, 
in apparently their original natural position, with strize on one of them bearing 
E. $8., which is also the direction of the longer axis of the boulder. Their 
height above the sea is 330 feet. 
Two blocks of the Carham chert, each several tons in weight, occur below 
Coldstream Bridge, about 5 miles E. by N. from Carham, about 40 to 50 feet 
above the river. (See No. 22, p. 523). These are tolerably rounded, having 
probably been rolled or pushed from the parent rock by river floods. 
Another mass of this peculiar rock, not quite so large, but extremely 
angular, and singular in shape, was lately excavated out of a bank of gravel, 
on the lands of Hirsel, about 2 mile to the north of the river, and distant 
from the Carham rock about 3 miles. Its height above the river is about 
60 feet, and above the sea 100 feet. The rock near Carham is about 70 feet 
above the river. This angular mass must have been rafted across the 
valley, in a direction E. by N.—a direction which coincides also with stria- 
tions on the parent rock. 
Two blocks of this Carham limestone are at Palinsburn, about 5 miles 
due east from Carham. The largest is about 10 feet long and 2 feet square, 
angular in shape. It has a legend attached to it, of marking the spot where 
JAMES, king of Scotland, died, after having been wounded on Flodden Field. 
It has long been known as the King’s Stone. Assuming that this block came 
from the Carham chert rock, it must have been carried to its present position, 
not rolled or pushed. 
It is more probable that it was carried on a mass of floating ice than on a 
glacier. The level of the ground where the boulder now stands, is at the same 
height above the sea as the Carham rock, viz., 182 feet.* 
These chert limestone blocks become more numerous and of larger size in 
proportion to their nearness to Carham. 
In examining the parent rock itself, there is evidence that large portions 
were broken off by some powerful agent moving over it from the westward. The 
fragments lying on the east side of the rock are severally many tons in weight. 
-* A somewhat similar case has been mentioned to me by Mr Curtz of Melrose. He states that, 
when a cutting was made for the railway between St Boswells and Earlston, a well-rounded boulder 
was extracted from boulder clay, about 44 feet by 3 feet in size. It was a porphyry of exactly the 
same nature as that now quarried on the north side of the Eildon hills, distant to the west of the 
boulder about 3 miles, and at about the same level above the sea. It was lying with its longer axis 
about east and west, and there were striz on its surface in the same direction. 
VOL. XXVII. PART Iv. 7E 
