556 D. MILNE HOME ON HIGH-WATER MARKS ON THE 
out, how this fact throws light on the origin of the high terraces on river banks, 
as well as on the formation of the kames in our Border Counties. 
It may, however, in the first place, be convenient to notice the 
IV.— Views of other Geologists. 
1. In ascribing the formation of the parallel ridges and kaims of Berwick- 
shire and Roxburghshire to tidal action, it is only right to acknowledge, that 
a different explanation has been suggested. I have already mentioned the 
opinion of Sir Henry JAmeEs, that these drift ridges are /ateral moraines, and 
my reason for not acquiescing in that view. 
Another geological friend, fcr whose opinion and experience I have a high 
regard—Mr Jameson of Ellon—in his last publication (“ Quart. Journ. Geol. 
Soc.” Aug. 1874, p. 329), refers to the great Greenlaw Kaim (before referred 
to, p. 543), and founding on the circumstance that it is disposed like a horse- 
shoe with the hollow towards the hills, supposes it must be a terminal moraine. 
If Mr Jameson had personally visited the district, he would have seen, there 
was no valley, across the mouth of which this kaim lies. It is situated on the 
south-east side of Dirrington Law, and about 14 mile from it. The outline of 
the kaim is approximately parallel with the contour of the hill, at a level of 
800 feet above the sea; so that as the direction of submarine banks is more or 
less parallel with that of an adjoining coast, this kaim may have been formed 
by tidal action affected by Dirrington Law. I might further say, that there is 
no valley or mountain in this district sufficient to have produced a glacier with 
a moraine at this height above the sea, and forming a rampart of stratified 
gravel and sand 2 miles long. 
Another geologist, the author of a recently published book, called ‘“ The 
Great Ice Age,” has specially referred to the parallel ridges and kaims of Ber- 
wickshire, with explanations which require notice. 
At page 236, Mr James GEIKIE states, that there is a “considerable assemblage of mounds, 
hillocks, banks, and undulating flats of sand and gravel in the valley of the Kale Water, 
between the base of the Cheviot hills and the River Teviot, near Eckford.” 
“We find similar appearances characteristic of the Lammermuir districts. The Whit- 
adder water, for example, after leaving the Lammermuir hills, enters upon a low-lying undu- 
lating country, which is thickly strewn with sand and gravel over an area many miles in 
extent; and the great bulk of these is strictly confined to the drainage area of the water.” 
(P. 237.) 
The same deposits are again alluded to, accompanied this time, by 
theoretical views, in the following paragraphs:— 
“Tn the lowlands, the effect produced by the varying direction and unequal pressure of 
the ice-sheet, is visible in the peculiar outline assumed by the till, Sometimes it forms a 
confused ageregate of softly swelling mounds and hummocks. In other places it gives rise to | 

