16 PINK ORDER 
latter have a bunch of leaves at the base and hence form dense mats 
in gravelly soil on plains and in the foothills at 4000-9000 ft. The 
flower clusters are conspicuous throughout the summer. 
CRIMSON WINGS RUMEX VENOSUS 
Plate 8, fig. 8 
The name Crimson Wings is applied to this dock on account of 
the brilliant rose-colored calyx. The latter becomes enormously en- 
larged as the flower goes to seed and thus forms a device for the 
carriage of the seed by the wind. The low plants grow in sandy soil 
at 4000-8000 ft. and bloom in spring and early summer. This species 
has no value except possibly as an ornamental, but other species of the 
genus are cultivated for salad, and several of the wild species furnish 
excellent “greens.” 
PINK FAMILY 
ALPINE PINK, Moss CAMPION SILENE ACAULIS 
Plate 8, fig. 6 
The pink or purplish flowers of the Alpine Pink grow densely 
clustered in mats on exposed mountain tops, often near the snow. 
They are polar as well as alpine plants and are found in these regions 
throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In the mountains they occur 
at 9000-14000 ft. and bloom throughout the summer. 
Cow PINK  SAPONARIA VACCARIA 
Plate 8, fig. 7 
The botanical name of the Cow Pink refers to the soap-like sap 
of some species, which sometimes leads to their use as a substitute for 
soap. The flowers are white, pink or pale red and bloom all summer. 
The plant is a troublesome weed in grain fields and grows in waste 
places at 5000-8000 ft. The seeds are poisonous. 
