88 FAM. 109. 



with partially united styles; ovules 1-several; fruit a cap- 

 sule. 



1. Shrubs or trees with alternate, pinnately compound leaves; flowers 

 polygamous, in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles; calyx 

 4-5 parted; petals 4-5; stamens 8-10; ovary 2-4 celled, styles 

 united to distinct, stigmas 2-4; ovules 1 in each cell; fruit berry- 

 like, -------- Sapindus, Soapberry 



S. marginatus. Small tree; leaflets 7-13, lanceolate, acuminate; corolla white, 

 tinged with red; stamens longer than the petals, with filaments pubescent 

 at the top; mature carpels 1-2, drupe-like with orange pulp and brown seeds. 

 Low sandy soil. Spring; fruit in Fall. 



S. saponaria. Small tree; leaflets 4-7, oblong to obovate; sepals and petals cil- 

 iate; stamens about as long as the petals, with filaments pubescent to above 

 the middle; carpels 1-3 with orange-brown pulp and black seeds. Culti- 

 vated. — S. makrossi is more hardy. 

 1. Shrubs or herbs, climbing by tendrils with ternate to decompound 

 leaves; flowers polygamo-dicecious in axillary racemes or corymbs; 

 sepals and petals 4, unequal in pairs; stamens 8; ovary 3-celled, 

 styles 3, united at the base; one ovule in each cell, - Cardiospermum 



C. Halicacabum. A climbing or trailing herb; leaflets 3, incised or parted; flower- 

 clusters small, peduncles with tendrils; capsules longer than broad; seeds 

 brown or black with a white aril. Thickets. Summer and Fall. 



109. Frangulaceae (Rhamnaceae) , Buckthorn Family. 



Trees or shrubs, some of them armed, with mostly 

 alternate, simple leaves, and small, often deciduous sti- 

 pules; flowers small, greenish or whitish, perigynous; sepals 

 4-5, united below, the disk lining or filling the tube; petals, 

 when present, 4-5; stamens 4-5, opposite to the petals 

 and inserted with them on the edge of the disk; ovary 

 2-3 celled, partially above the disk; styles and stigmas 

 more or less united; ovules 1, rarely 2, in each cell; fruit 

 a capsule or drupe. 



1. Shrubs, often spiny, with minutely stipulate 3- veined leaves, and small 

 flowers in terminal panicles, cymes or umbels; calyx white, 5- 

 cleft; petals 5, long-clawed, hooded, protruding between the 

 sepals; stamens 5, exserted; ovary 3-celled; style short, stigmas 

 3; drupe berry-like, 3-lobed, ------ Ceanothus. 



C microphyllus. A slender, yellowish, evergreen shrub, glabrous, much branch- 

 ed, with small leaves; panicles loosely flowered. Pine-barrens. Spring. 

 C Americanus, Jersey-tea, Red-root. Deciduous shrub, pubescent, with ovate, 

 serrate leaves; panicles densely flowered, peduncles elongated. Dry woods. 

 Summer. 



1. Shrubs, spinescent, with nearly opposite leaves; small flowers in axillary 

 clusters or terminal in panicled spikes; sepals 5; petals 5, clawed, 

 hooded; stamens 5; ovary 3-celled; style 3-grooved with 3 stigmas; 

 drupe berry-like separating into 3 nutlets, - _ - - Sageretia 



S. minutiflora (Michauxii). A trailing shrub with ovate or oblong leathery 



