146 FAM. 173 



12. Ray-flowers neutral, ------...30 



13. Disk-flowers perfect and fertile, --------14 



13. Disk-flowers perfect and sterile, -------« 27 



14. Receptacle naked, ---------. 15 



14. Receptacle pitted, ------..... 18 



14. Receptacle chaffy, ------«.. - - 23 



15. Ray-flowers yellow, - - . - - - - - - - -16 



15. Ray -flowers white or purple, --.-.._„ 17 



16. Bracts of involucre narrow, mainly in 1 row, the few outer bracts 



irregular; — herbs with alternate, sometimes mainly basal leaves, 

 pinnatifid or parted; pappus copious, of capillary bristles, 



Senecio, Squaw-weed, Groundsel 

 S. obovatus. Leaves near the base of the stem, spatulate to obovate, narrowed 

 into broad petioles; few stem-leaves pinnatifid; heads in corymbs, deep 

 yellow. In moist soil. Spring. 

 S. lobatus. Stem furrowed, hollow, more or less branched above; leaves pin- 

 nately divided, with rounded lobes; heads showy; ray-flowers 6-12 yellow. 

 Low ground. Spring. 

 16. Bracts of involucre narrow, in 1-2 rows, spreading or reflexed; — 

 herbs with alternate, often decurrent leaves, entire or toothed; 

 heads peduncled; pappus of 5-8 pointed or awn-tipped scales, 



Helenium, Sneeze-weed 



H. autumnale. Stems branched, leaves oblong to elliptic, often acuminate; 

 receptacle subglobose. Low ground. Late Summer and Fall. 



17. Pappus a scaly cup or wanting; — herbs with alternate, toothed to 



dissected leaves; bracts of involucre in several rows; receptacle 

 flat or convex; disk-flowers with round or winged corolla-tubes 

 and truncate or brush-like stigmas, . . _ Chrysanthemum 



C. leucanthemum. (Leucanthemum vulgare), Ox-eye Daisy. Leaves spatu- 

 late to linear, serrate or pinnatifid; heads terminal, solitary, large, long- 

 peduncled, with white or pink ligules and light yellow disk; pap- 

 pus absent. Fields. Spring to Fall. 



Many cultivated species in various colors and sizes. 

 17. Pappus of 6-12 narrow ribbed scales; — herbs with narrow, mainly 

 alternate leaves; heads discoid or radiate, in corymbs; bracts 

 of involucre in 1-2 rows; receptacle flat, naked; rays pistillate 

 or wanting; disk-flowers perfect and fertile, - Polypteris (Palafoxia) 



P. integrifolia. Stems corymbosely branched; leaves linear; bracts of invol- 

 ucre scarious or petaloid; ray-flowers wanting; corollas of disk white or 

 flesh-colored. Dry pine-land. Summer. 

 17. Pappus bristly in 1 series, sometimes with a row of shorter bristles 

 outside; — caulescent almost scapose herbs, with alternate, en- 

 tire or toothed leaves; involucres broad with narrow bracts in 

 1-2 rows, reflexed when mature; disk yellow. - Erigeron, Fleabane 



E. vermis (nudicaulis). Almost smooth; stems scapose, solitary or tufted, corym- 

 bosely branched above; basal leaves spatulate to oval, petioled; stem- 

 leaves scaly; rays 20-30, white or pink. In sand. Spring and Summer. 



E. pulchellus (bellidifolius). Villous; stem solitary; basal leaves spatulate to 

 elliptic; stem-leaves oblanceolate; heads solitary or few, showy; rays about 

 50, violet or bluish-purple. Open woods. Spring. 



E. ramosus (strigosus.) Rough-pubescent; stem branching above; leaves spat- 



