152 FAM. 174. 



ous heads; disk-flowers perfect and fertile; rays yellow or white; 

 pappus of 2-4 rigid barbed awns or teeth, or absent. 



Bidens, Beggar-ticks, Bur-Marigold 



B. bipinnata. Stem tall, slender, 4-angled, branched; leaves bipinnate; heads 

 small; rays 2-3, yellowish white; achenes 3-4 awned. Cultivated ground. 

 Summer and Fall. 



B. leucantha. Stem 4-angled branched; leaves pinnately 3-5 divided, segments 

 crenate-serrate; rays about 5, cuneate, 2-3 lobed, white; achenes 2-4 awned. 

 Roadside. Through the Winter. 



B. laevis (chrysanthemoides) , Water-chrysanthemum. Stem branched, slen- 



der, ascending; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, obscurely serrate, often connate; 

 heads showy, erect later nodding; rays large, golden yellow, disk orange, 

 achenes 2-4 awned. Borders of lakes and ponds. Fall. 



34. Achenes beaked; — tall, smooth annuals with the leaves opposite, 

 entire, lobed or 2-3 pinnately divided; heads peduncled, with 

 yellow disk and crimson, pink, white or yellow rays. Culti- 

 vated. - - - - _____ Cosmos 

 The so-called Black Cosmos, C. diversifolius, has red disk and dark red or 



purple rays. 



174. Cichoriaceae, Chicory Family. 



Scapose or caulescent herbs with alternate or basal, 

 simple leaves and ligulate, perfect flowers in heads, the 

 latter peduncled, rarely sessile; involucres of 1-several 

 rows of bracts; pappus of scales, hairs or bristles; anth- 

 ers connate around the style; ovary 1 -celled, with solitary 

 ovule; stigmas 2; fruit an achene. 



1. Pappus scaly or bristly, or both, -----___2 



1. Pappus of hair-like bristles, achenes smooth or ribbed, 3 



2. Flowers yellow; — leaves chiefly basal, pale green or glaucous; heads 



terminating the peduncle-like stems; bracts in 1-2 rows, equal; 



receptacle flat, naked; pappus double, the outer series of thin 



scales, the inner of slender bristles. 



Adopogon (Krigia), Dwarf Dandelion 

 A. Carolinianus (K. Virginica.). Leaves spatulate to linear in outline, deeply 



pinnatifid; scapes erect or ascending; heads yellow. Dry soil. Early Spring 



to Summer. 

 A. Virginicus (K. amplexicaulis). Leaves spatulate to oval, often narrowed 



into winged petioles; stem-leaves small, sessile or clasping; heads reddish 



orange. Around ponds. Spring to Fall. 



2. Flowers blue; — involucre double, the outer of 5 leafy scales, the inner 



of about 8 linear ones; receptacle chaffy to naked, - Cichorium, Chicory 



C. Endivia, Endive. Basal leaves sinuate or pinnatifid, cauline leaves auri- 



cled; heads 3-5, axillary. Cultivated. 



3. Achenes cylindric or prismatic, ________4 



3. Achenes flat -__--_---_-_6 



4. Flowers yellow, _--__-_--_-5 

 4. Flowers not yellow; — herbs with smooth, rigid, filiform leaves and soli- 

 tary showy heads; involucre of 5-8 bracts with several very 



