156 GLOSSARY. 



Bud: contains the rudiments of the future leaf or twig, leaf bud, — or those of the fu- 

 ture flower, flower-bud, — or of both, mixed bud. 



According to their position on the stem or branch buds are: terminal or 

 lateral, and the latter ones may be axillary; accessory, close to the 

 axillary; or adventitious, on any other part of the plant. 

 According to their covering buds are scaly or naked. 

 According to the time of their development buds are active or latent. 

 (See Aestivation and Vernation). 



Bulb: a subterranean bud, with concentric layers enclosing all within it, tunicated; — 

 or with fleshy scales arranged spirally, scaly. 



Bulblet: small bulb, usually above ground on the stem. 



Caducous: dropping off very early, especially used for petals and sepals. 



Calyx (see Flower and Perianth); outer whorl of the floral envelope. May have its 

 sepals distinct, polysepalous — or more or less united, mono- or gamo- or 

 synsepalous. 



Canescent: hoary from a gray pubescence. 



Capitate: growing in heads or in dense clusters. 



Carpel: a leaf, modified so as to bear ovules; applied to a simple pistil or to one of the 

 leaf components of a compound pistil. 



Caruncle : a small protuberance near the hilum of the seed. 



Caudex: trunk of palms and tree-ferns; also the perennial rootstock of an annual 

 plant. 



Caulescent: having an aerial stem. 



Cauline: belonging to the stem, chiefly used of leaves. 



Chaffy: consisting of dry or membranous scales or bracts. 



Ciliate: fringed with hairs. 



Cinereous: ashy gray. 



Circinate or Circinnate; coiled inward from the top. 



Cladophyl: leaflike branch of a filiform stem. 



Cleistogamous, Cleistogene: used for flowers which do not open, as a means of self- 

 pollination. 



Cluster: several flowers or fruits growing close together. 



Coma: a tuft of hairs on a seed. 



Connate: said of two opposite sessile leaves with the bases united. 



Connivent: coming together, converging. 



Coriaceous: leathery. 



Corm: a solid, bulb-like, underground expansion of a stem, with a leaf-bud at the 

 summit or at the side. 



Corolla (see Flower and Perianth): inner whorl of the floral envelope. May have 

 its petals distinct, polypetalous; — or more or less united, mono- or gamo- 

 or sympetalous; in the latter case the unison may be restricted to the claws, 

 forming a tube, or extended to the laminae of the petals, forming the border 

 or limb. 



Covering: the surface of a leaf, stem, etc., may be: 



glabrate, nearly smooth, or becoming smooth with age; 



glabrous, without covering, smooth; 



tnuricate, rough, with short, hard points; 



rugose, wrinkled; 



scabrous, rough, with minute hard points; 



scurfy, with bran-like scales; 



sulcate, grooved; 



verrucose, covered with warty elevations; 



