158 GLOSSARY. 



Flowers are said to be: 



complete: the whorls all present, each of 1-more series or rows; 



dioecious: flowers either pistillate or staminate, borne on different plants; 



distinct (opposite of coherent, connate): parts of the same whorl not united; 



epigynous: sepals, petals and stamens seem to arise from the upper part of 

 the ovary; 



jertile: producing fruit; or if said of stamens, possessing pollen; often used 

 as synonymous with pistillate; 



free (opposite of adherent, adnate): parts of two adjacent whorls not united; 



hypogynous: sepals, petals and stamens inserted below the ovary; 



monoecious: flowers either pistillate or staminate, borne on the same plant; 



neutral: both stamens and pistils absent; 



perfect: both stamens and pistils present in the same flower; 



perigynous: sepals, petals and stamens arise from the rim of an urn-like 

 outgrowth of the receptacle which surrounds the pistil; 



pistillate: stamens absent; 



Polygamous: some flowers on the plant are imperfect; 



regular: having the parts of the same whorl similar and alike; 



staminate: pistils absent; 



sterile: not producing fruit; or if said of stamens, not possessing pollen or 

 anthers; often used as synonymous with staminate: some flowers in the 

 Compositae (Carduaceae) however are perfect, yet produce no fruit; 



symmetrical: having the same number of organs in each whorl. 

 Frond: the leaf of a fern; — pinna: are primary divisions of fronds, pinnules are sec- 

 ondary pinnae. 

 Fruit: consists of a seed or seeds (ripened ovules), — and the pericarp (carpels), often 



with adhering parts of the former flower. 

 An accessory fruit is a fruit with the receptacle or the other parts as an important 



part of the whole. 

 An aggregate fruit consists of a mass of single fruits, all the product of a single flower. 

 The principal fruits are: 



a. Indehiscent. 

 achene, small dry pericarp free from the single seed; 

 berry, succulent pericarp with seeds loosely in the palp; 

 caryopsis, same as grain; 

 drupe or stone-fruit, three-coated, one-seeded; 

 etaerio, numerous small drupes united to each other or to the receptacle (aggregate 



fruit); 

 glans, same as nut, sometimes with a persistent involucre called cuPule; 

 grain, thin dry pericarp adherent to the single seed; 

 hesperidium, many-carpeled pericarp with the rind more or less easily separable 



from the pulpy mass within; 

 key, same as samara; 

 nut; hard dry pericarp, 1-more seeded;* 



pepo, fleshy pericarp with hardened rind and many seeds on parietal placentae; 

 pome, pericarp, consisting of the permanent calyx and the fleshy receptacle, seeds 



contained in several cartilaginous or bony cells; 

 samara, dry with winged appendages (alate); 

 tryma, a 2-coated drupe; 

 utricle, small, thin pericarp loosely upon the single seed. 



*The Brazil-nut or Nigger-toe is the seed of Bertholletia excelsa of the Family 

 Myrtaceae. 



