36 



RUBIACEAE— CAPRIFOLIACEAE 

 Rubiales Madder Order 



't^X 



Plate 14: A, Galium boreale, 1, flowers, 2, fruits; B, Houstonia angustifolia, 1, flowers, 2, 

 fruits; C, Viburnum pubescens; D, Lonicefa dioica, 1, flowers, 2, fruits; E, Diervilla 

 lonicera, 1, flower, 2, fruits; F, Triosteum aurantiacum, 1, flowers, 2, fruit; G, Linnaea 



borealis, 1, fruit, 2, plant with flowers. 



Rubiaceae — Madder Family 



Herbs witli simple opposite or whorled leave- ; sepals usually 4, often disappearing, petals 4. 

 stamens 4, ovary 1-several-celled, styles 1 or 2 ; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, regular. 



1. Leaves in opposite pairs; flowers funnelform 



a. Creeping herbs ; flowers in pairs/ the ovaries united Mitchella 



b. Erect plants; flowers in many-flowered cymes, ovaries not united Houstonia 



2. Leaves in whorls of 4 or more; flowers nearly flat Galium 



Mitchella — Partridge Berry 



(Named for the botanist Mitchell) 

 Leaves round, opposite; flowers white M. ripens 



1 1 1 mstonia 



(Named for Dr. Wm. Houston, an English botanist) 

 PI. 14, fig. B : 1, 2 

 Stems tufted ; flowers blue, corolla bearded inside 



Galium — Bedstraw 



itir. gallon, bedstraw) 



PI. 14, fig. A : 1, 2 



1. Ovary and fruit bristly 



a. Stem weak, with coarse bristles; flowers greenish 



b. Stem upright, not bristly ; flowers white 



2. Ovary and fruit smooth 



H. angustifolia 



G. aparine 

 G. boredle 

 G. tinctorium 



Caprifoliaceae — Honeysuckle Family 



Herbs, shrubs or vines with opposite leaves; sepals 3-5. often very tiny, petals 5, stamens 5, 

 ovary 1-6-celled, style 1, often cleft ; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, epigynous, regular or irregular. 



I. Erect or climbing shrubs 



1. Leaves pinnately compound Sambucus 



2. Leaves simple 



a. Corolla regular, rotate; erect shrubs Viburnum 



b. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped ; somewhat 2-lipped 



(1) Leaves entire; sepals vestigial Iccra 



(2) Leaves serrate; sepals present, lanceolate Diervilla 



II. Herbs, or nearly herbaceous 



1. Creeping, slightly woody; flowers in pairs on long stalks Linnaea 



2. Low erect herb, with, sessile axillary flowers Triosteum 



Sambucus — Elder 



(L. sambucus, elder tree) 

 Shrub with yellowish w^hite flowers and red berries 5". ptibens 



