38 



CAMPANULACEAE— VALERIAN ACEAE— ASTERACEAE 



Campanales Bluebell Order 



Plate 15: A, Adoxa moschatellina, 1, plant, 2, flower; B. Campanula rotundifolia ; C, 

 Valeriana edulis, 1, pistillate flowers. 2, single pistillate flower, 3, cluster of staminate 

 flowers. 4. staminate flowers enlarged. 5. fruit ; D. Senecio. 1, heads, 2 and 3, single 

 flower, 4, fruit ; E, Antennaria campestris, 1, staminate plant, 2, staminate flower, 3, 

 pistillate plant, 4, single pistillate flower; F, Crepis runcinata, 1, flowering heads, 2, 

 fruiting heads, 3, fruit. 



Campanulaceae — Bluebell Family 

 Herbs with alternate leaves and milky juice; sepals 5, petals S, stamens 5, united by their anthers. 

 ovary 1-5-celled, ovules numerous, style 1; flowe" syncarpous, sympetalous, regular or irregular. 



Campanula — Bluebell, Harebell 



(Latin diminutive of campana, a bell) 

 PI. 15, fig. B 

 Basal leaves round, stem leaves linear ; flowers blue, bell-shaped C. rotundifolia 



Asterales Aster Order 



Valerianaceae — Valerian Family 

 Herbs with opposite leaves ; sepals vestigial in the flower, but developing into plumy hairs on 

 the fruit, petals 5, stamens 1-4. ovary 1-3-celle 1. stigmas 1-3; flower syncarpous, sympetalous, 

 epigynous, somewhat irregular. 



Valeriana — Valerian 



(Li. valeo, to be strong) 

 PI. 15, fig. C : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 



1. Leaves thick, parallel-veinedj leaflets entire; native V. edulis 



2. Leaves thin, reticulate-veined ; leaflets dentate ; cultivated V. officinalis 



Asteraceae — Aster Family 



Herbs (shrubs or trees') with watery juice and flowers often of two kinds in dense involucrate 

 heads; sepals (pappus) in form of bristles, scales teeth, etc.. or wanting, petals 5, stamens 5 or 0, 

 united by their anthers; ovary 1-celled. 1-ovuled, style 1. 2-cleft. stigmas 2; flower syncarpous, sym- 

 petalous, regular or irregular, epigynous. All th.? flowers of the head or more commonly only the 

 central ones are bell-shaped or salver-shaped and regular (disk flowers). The marginal flowers 

 of the head are often ligulate. The receptacle i; flat or more or less conical, naked (i. e., bearing 

 only the flowers) or bearing scales among the flo vers. The head is surrounded by 1 or more rows 

 of involucral bracts. 



I. Leaves finely dissected Achillea 



II. Leaves entire to coarsely cut 



1. Flowers yellow Sene 



2. Flowers purple to white 



a. Heads staminate and pistillate, on different plants Antennaria 



b. Heads perfect 



(1) Ray flowers lacking or very small; basal leaves very large Pctasites 



(2) Ray flowers conspicuous, ribbon-like Erigeron 



Achillea — Yarn >w 

 Heads very small •' millefdlium 



