44 



SMILACACEAE— JUNCACEAE 



Fritillaria — Fritillary, Crown Imi)erial 



( L. fritillus, a dice-box) 



PI. 18. fig. H 



1. Flowers solitary, petals and sepals marked like a checker-hoard F.meleagris 



2. Flowers clustered, had smelling, petals and sepals red or orange F.imperidlis 



Smilacaceae — Smilax Family 

 Plants with woody or herbaceous stems, most y vines, often prickly: leaves hroad, net-veined; 

 sepals .1 petals 3. stamens 6. ovary 3-celled ; flowrrs syncarpous, apopetalous. hypogynous. regular, 

 dioecious. 



Plate 19: A. Smilax herbacea. 1. leaf. 2, staminate flower, 3, pistillate flower, 4, inflorescence; 

 B. Juncus tenuis, 1, inflorescence, 2, flower; C, Heleocharis palustris. 1, spike, 2. flower, 

 3, fruit; D, Scirpus, 1, S. pauciflorus, spike, 2. flower, 3. fruit. 4, validus, inflorescence: 

 E, Eriophorum angustifolium. 1. inflorescence. 2, flower. 3. fruit : F, Carex pennnsvl- 

 vanica. 1, inflorescence, 2. staminate flower. 3. pistillate flower. 4. fruiting scale, perigvn- 

 ium, and achene. 



Smilax — Greenbrier 



(Gr. smilax, bindweed) 

 PL 19, fig. A : 1, 2. 3, 4 



1. Stem annual, herbaceous, without prickles 



a. Stems climbing; petioles with tendrils S.hcrhacea 



b. Stems erect growing; tendrils lacking or sometimes slightly devel- 



oped .y ecirrhata 



2. Stems perennial, woody, generally with prickles 



a. Leaves rounded or lanceolate, with 5 veins, prickles not very nu- 

 merous .V. rotundifdlia 

 b Leaves with 7 veins, prickles very numerous S\ hispida 



Juncales Rush Order 



Juncaceae — Rush Family 

 Grass-like, more or less tufted herbs with small brownish green or brown flowers: sepals 3, 

 petals 3. stamens 6. ovary 3-celled; flowers syncarpous. apopetalous, hypogynous, regular. 



I. Leaves grass-like sheaths closed; capsule 3-seeded 



II. Leaves rounded, sheaths open : capsule many-seeded 



Luzula — Wood-rush 



i Prom Ital. luciola, glow-worm) 

 (Juncoides) 



1. Inflorescence umbellate. 1 or 2 flowers on each of its branches 



2. Inflorescence of 2-12 spike-like or capitate clusters 



Juncus — Rush 



( L. juncus, rush) 

 PI. 19, fig. B : 1. 2 



1. Leaves without blades, scale-like sheaths at the base of the stem. 



inflorescence appearing lateral /. effusus 



2. Leaves with blades, inflorescence appearing terminal, subtended by a 



narrow leaf /■ tenuis 



Luzula 

 Juncus 



L. saltuensis 

 L. campestre 



