CRUCIFERAE. 



Sisymbrium officinale. Scop. Hedge Mustard. 



Abundant in waste places and has become naturalized from 

 Europe. 



Brassica siiuqristrum, Boissier. Yellow Mustard. 



Frequently found in grain fields where it may become a great 

 nuisance, as it is in Eastern United States and in Europe. 



Nasturtium armor acia, Fries. Horseradish. 



This perennial plant, first cultivated for its roots, which are 

 well kuown as a condiment, has become thoroughly naturalized 

 and is difficult to exterminate, though it spreads only by non- 

 sexual means. It grows so profusely that all other plants are 

 suffocated. It is European. 



Capsella bursa pastoris, Mcench. Shepherd's Purse. 



A common dooryard weed, abundant in waste places, road- 

 sides, etc., flowering very early. It is a native of Europe, and 

 has long been naturalized in this country and many other parts 

 of the world. 



Lepidium virginicum, L. 



This, unlike the foregoing crucifers, is a native of southern 

 United States. It is found along roadsides, in fields, in waste 

 places, and seems to adapt itself to various kinds of soil. 



CARYOPHYLLEAE. 



Lychnis githago, Lam. Corn Cockle. 



A very common weed in grain fields. The large black seeds 

 are very conspicuous ingrain. The seeds are roughened and 

 very often, if the farmer is not careful, the larger seeds pass 

 over with seed wheat. Cockle commonly matures earlier than 

 wheat and oats, so that the seeds are liable to remain in the field. 



The "screenings" of wheat, oats, etc., are largely used for 

 feeding cattle, and as they are likely, and do, in a great many 

 cases, contain the seeds of cockle and common Vetch or Tare r 

 the farmer ought to be somewhat cautious in feeding his cattle. 

 In some cases it is customary to boil or grind the "screenings; " 

 in other cases it is fed raw, the seeds thus entering into compost, 

 some passing the digestive apparatus without materially affect- 

 ing the germinative powers of the seeds. 



If it be preferable to feed "screenings" raw, the compost 

 ought to remain till thoroughly rotted. 

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