14 



good field of Lucerne, Medicago sativa or Onobrychis sativa, will de- 

 stroy it. Prof. Beal (1) finds Eed Clover a good weed extermi- 

 nator. 



( Janada Thistle seems to be most abundant on loamy soil. 



Chicks lanceolatys, Hofifm. Common Thistle. 



This is likewise a common weedy plant of Europe, and in this 

 region very troublesome, at times especially, in loose and rich 

 soil. It is a biennial and hence is much easier to deal with. 



Cnicus pumilum, Spreng. Pasture Thistle. 



Sometimes troublesome in dry rocky pastures. 



Cichorium intybus, L. Succory or Chicory. 



Has become established along roadsides, and proves a most 

 pesistent weed where introduced 



Taraxacum officinale, Web. Dandelion. 



Common everywhere, along roadsides, in pastures, etc. 



Sonch/us olerac&us, L. Common Sow Thistle. 



■ Common in gardens and about dwellings. 



ASCLEPIADEAE. 



Asclepias cornuti, Decaisne, Common Milkweed or Silkweed. 



Common in this section and often troublesome. A most perni- 

 cious weed in The Traverse Bay region, Michigan, and according 

 to Prof. Beal (3) in many other portions of Michigan, especially 

 in light soil. It is more commonly found in rich, rather loose, 

 black sandy soil. It strikes root very deeply, and is difficult to 

 exterminate on that account. 



Asclepias tuberosa, L. Butterfly- weed. 



Common on sandy soil and occasionally "weedy." 



BORAGINEAE. 



Ci/noglossum officinale, L. Hound's Tongue. 



Common along roadsides, La Crescent, Minn., and in dry 

 pastures. 



Echniospermum lappula, Lehni. Stickseed. 



In gravelly soil, along roadsides, common. A troublesome 

 weed in Southern Russia (Koppen), the burs fastening them- 

 selves to the fleece of sheep. 



Echinospermum virginianum, DC. Beggar's Lice. 



In woods, and borders of woods and along fences. 



